Search results for "penalty"
showing 10 items of 56 documents
A review on some discrete variational techniques for the approximation of essential boundary conditions
2022
We review different techniques to enforce essential boundary conditions, such as the (nonhomogeneous) Dirichlet boundary condition, within a discrete variational framework, and especially techniques that allow to account for them in a weak sense. Those are of special interest for discretizations such as geometrically unfitted finite elements or high order methods, for instance. Some of them remain primal, and add extra terms in the discrete weak form without adding a new unknown: this is the case of the boundary penalty and Nitsche techniques. Others are mixed, and involve a Lagrange multiplier with or without stabilization terms. For a simple setting, we detail the different associated for…
Efficient numerical methods for pricing American options under stochastic volatility
2007
Five numerical methods for pricing American put options under Heston's stochastic volatility model are described and compared. The option prices are obtained as the solution of a two-dimensional parabolic partial differential inequality. A finite difference discretization on nonuniform grids leading to linear complementarity problems with M-matrices is proposed. The projected SOR, a projected multigrid method, an operator splitting method, a penalty method, and a componentwise splitting method are considered. The last one is a direct method while all other methods are iterative. The resulting systems of linear equations in the operator splitting method and in the penalty method are solved u…
Thermal buckling optimization of composite laminates by evolution strategies
2000
Abstract Thermal buckling optimization of laminated composite plates subject to a temperature rise is presented in this paper. Aerospace structures require such components that are able to withstand the external environment loads without loss of stability. The discrete optimal design problem, formulated under strain and ply contiguity constraints is solved using evolution strategies, a guided random-search method. Two different constraint handling methods are investigated and compared: the disregarding infeasible solutions and the classical penalty function approach. The results are also compared with an exact enumerative study conducted on the problem, showing the effectiveness and perform…
The death penalty in Valencia (1450-1500), numbers, urban spaces and funeral ritualities from the Brotherhood of Innocents and Helpless
2021
Mediante una combinación de fuentes documentales de origen y procedencia diversa, se han computado fehacientemente 737 ejecuciones en Valencia entre los años 1450 y 1500. El artículo analiza este aspecto de la realidad social, judicial y política de la Valencia del Renacimiento a la luz de los recientes planteamientos historiográficos sobre la materia. Se destaca el impacto del Santo Oficio (a partir de 1482) dentro del contexto penal de la ciudad, se analiza el papel restaurador y reconciliador de la Cofradía de Inocentes y Desamparados, y se aborda la contribución de esta singular hermandad a la re-significación de los espacios urbanos y periurbanos. Through a combination of documentary s…
Los infractores de tráfico persistentes: el consumo de alcohol y la personalidad como predictores de la retirada del permiso de conducir
2020
ABSTRACT Traffic safety is an important social problem. Many accidents are due to non-compliance with traffic regulations. Serious or repeated offenses are sanctioned with penalty points or court conviction, and sanctions can lead to disqualification from driving. This paper explores the relevance of alcohol consumption and personality factors as predictors of driving disqualification. The aim of the study is to determine whether the behaviors of persistent offenders and their propensity for law-breaking are related to their characteristics and patterns of drinking. A sample of 358 drivers participated in the study: 126 non-offender habitual drivers and 232 persistent traffic offenders disq…
Persistent traffic offenders: alcohol consumption and personality as predictors of driving disqualification
2019
ABSTRACT Traffic safety is an important social problem. Many accidents are due to non-compliance with traffic regulations. Serious or repeated offenses are sanctioned with penalty points or court conviction, and sanctions can lead to disqualification from driving. This paper explores the relevance of alcohol consumption and personality factors as predictors of driving disqualification. The aim of the study is to determine whether the behaviors of persistent offenders and their propensity for law-breaking are related to their characteristics and patterns of drinking. A sample of 358 drivers participated in the study: 126 non-offender habitual drivers and 232 persistent traffic offenders disq…
ELEMENTO D’INTERFACCIA PER LA SIMULAZIONE DI PROCESSI DI DANNEGGIAMENTO IN MODO MISTO I/II NEI MATERIALI COMPOSITI E NELLE GIUNZIONI ADESIVE
2018
E’ stato sviluppato un elemento coesivo in grado di connettere e simulare la crescita delle cricche tra sottodomini di elementi finiti modellati in modo indipendente con mesh incompatibili. L'approccio si basa su funzioni di penalità e presenta numerosi vantaggi rispetto alle tecniche FEM convenzionali nelle simulazioni di delaminazione. Il più importante è la possibilità di rilasciare una porzione dell'interfaccia più piccola della lunghezza degli elementi finiti locali. Pertanto la delaminazione non avanza solamente rilasciando i nodi del modello FEM, una limitazione comune a molti metodi trovati in letteratura. È stato anche sviluppato un nuovo approccio per modellare la crescita delle c…
A penalty-based interface technology
2009
Modern computers have enabled engineers to perform large scale analyses of complex structures like entire aircrafts, automobiles, and ships. One issue that arises often is the need to perform a unified analysis of a structural assembly using sub-structural models created independently. These sub-structural models are frequently designed by different engineers, thus they are likely to be incompatible at their interfaces. Finite element interface technology has been developed to facilitate the joining of independently modeled substructures. Here an effective and robust interface element is presented. This method has been developed using penalty constraints and allows computationally efficient…
The Review Power of the Chinese Supreme People’s Court on Death Sentences
2008
The Chapter illustrates the history, philosophical background, and current law and practice regarding the death penalty in China, following the legal reform on this matter.
Penalty Function Methods for the Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Obstacle Problems with Finite Elements
2008
A class of penalty function methods for the solution of nonlinear variational inequalities with obstacles ⩽ 0 fur alle v ⩾ ψ in the Sobolev space W1, p (ω) is studied. The (nonlinear) penalty equations are solved by finite element techniques; the order of convergence of this procedure which depends on the regularity of the solution as well as on the finite elements used is investigated. Eine Klasse von Penalty-Methoden zur Losung nichtlinearer Variationsungleichungen mit Hindernisnebenbedingungen ⩽ 0 fur alle v ⩾ ψ im Sobolev Raum W1, p (ω) wird untersucht. Die (nichtlinearen) Penalty-Gleichungen werden mit Hilfe der Finite Elemente Methode gelost; die Konvergenzordnung dieses Verfahrens, w…