Search results for "perhoset"
showing 10 items of 28 documents
Investigating the origin of parthenogenesis and ploidy level in Dahlica fennicella (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)
2013
The theories for the predominance of sexual reproduction predict that parthenogens should have no long-term evolutionary potential due to the lack of genetic recombination, despite short term advantages. Although parthenogenesis is rare among high order animals, true parthenogens can be found in various taxa. The intriguing question of the proliferation and persistence of parthenogenetic species needs investigation. An ideal species for such research is a parthenogenetic mont Dahlica fennicella that appears to be as equally successful as other coexisting sexual species. We investigated whether high ploidy level of D. fennnicella is due to hybridization between closely related sexual species…
Ecological traits as determinants of extinction risk and distribution change in lepidoptera
2008
Lajeja häviää nyt nopeammin kuin koskaan aiemmin maapallon historiassa. Lajit eivät kuitenkaan häviä sattumanvaraisesti, vaan niiden ekologiset piirteet vaikuttavat siihen, kuinka hyvin ne kestävät erilaisia uhkatekijöitä.Yksi luonnonsuojelubiologian tärkeimmistä tavoitteista onkin löytää ne lajikohtaiset ekologiset ominaisuudet, jotka altistavat lajit taantumiselle ja sukupuuttoriskille.Niina Mattila selvitti väitöskirjatutkimuksessaan, mitkä ekologiset ominaisuudet vaikuttavat yöperhosten, mittareiden ja päiväperhosten sukupuuttoriskiin ja taantumiseen Suomessa. Lisäksi Mattila tutki mihin ilmansuuntaan päiväperhosten levinneisyys Suomessa on muuttunut ja vaikuttavatko lajien ekologiset o…
The Origins of Northern European Autographa Gamma Individuals Evaluated Using Hydrogen Stable Isotopes
2018
1. Many insect species are migratory. As the spring progresses, adults gradually depart from their over‐wintering habitats and arrive in northern zones where they reproduce during the summer. Understanding this transgenerational and highly adaptive migratory behaviour is crucial when interpreting life cycle dynamics of many insect pests. 2. Origins of migratory silver Y moths, Autographa gamma (Linnaeus, 1758), captured from Finland, were studied with stable hydrogen analysis of their wings (δ2Hw). 3. The difference between spring and autumn generation δ2Hw values indicate different geographical natal origins. The probability surface map shows that the spring generation probably emerged in …
Host’s genetic background determines the outcome of reciprocal faecal transplantation on life-history traits and microbiome composition
2022
Abstract Background Microbes play a role in their host's fundamental ecological, chemical, and physiological processes. Host life-history traits from defence to growth are therefore determined not only by the abiotic environment and genotype but also by microbiota composition. However, the relative importance and interactive effects of these factors may vary between organisms. Such connections remain particularly elusive in Lepidoptera, which have been argued to lack a permanent microbiome and have microbiota primarily determined by their diet and environment. We tested the microbiome specificity and its influence on life-history traits of two colour genotypes of the wood tiger moth (Arctia…
Kadmiumaltistuksen havaitseminen Hydropsyche pellucidula -vesiperhostoukilla (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) hyperspektrikuvantamisen ja kidusvaurioide…
2017
Metallipäästöt aiheuttavat vesistöissä eliöyhteisöille monenlaisia haittavaikutuksia, joita voidaan tutkia bioindikaattori- eli ilmentäjälajimenetelmin. Vesiperhostoukkia (Trichoptera) on käytetty virtavesien metallisaastumisen indikaattoreina, sillä ne kestävät metallialtistusta suhteellisen hyvin, mutta altistuksen seurauksena toukilla voi esiintyä morfologisia muutoksia, kuten kidusvaurioita tai pintakudoksen tummumista. Koska toisaalta vierasaineiden kudospitoisuusmittaus on usein työlästä ja toisaalta rakenteellisten muutosten arviointi altis subjektiiviselle harhalle, tavoitteenani oli kehittää objektiivinen ja kustannustehokas tapa selvittää metallialtistusta ja sen vaikutuksia pohja…
Evolution and ecological aspects of parthenogenetic and sexual bagworm moths (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Naryciinae)
2012
Adaptation of a tropical butterfly to a temperate climate
2018
Developmental plasticity enables organisms to cope with environmental heterogeneity, such as seasonal variation in climatic conditions, and is thought to affect a species’ capability to adapt to environments with novel seasonal and ecological dynamics. We studied developmental plasticity of the widespread tropical butterfly, Bicyclus safitza, which reaches the southern edge of its distribution in the temperate zone of South Africa. In wet–dry seasonal environments in tropical Africa, adults of Bicyclus butterflies are present all year round and exhibit discrete seasonal forms in alternating generations. We demonstrate that a population that colonized a more temperate climate region has adop…
Colour alone matters : no predator generalization among morphs of an aposematic moth
2018
Local warning colour polymorphism, frequently observed in aposematic organisms, is evolutionarily puzzling. This is because variation in aposematic signals is expected to be selected against due to predators' difficulties associating several signals with a given unprofitable prey. One possible explanation for the existence of such variation is predator generalization, which occurs when predators learn to avoid one form and consequently avoid other sufficiently similar forms, relaxing selection for monomorphic signals. We tested this hypothesis by exposing the three different colour morphs of the aposematic wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis, existing in Finland to local wild-caught predato…
Influence of colour, smell and taste on the survival of the wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) adults during predation event
2021
Saalistajien torjumiseksi saalis voi käyttää erilaisia puolustusmekanismeja, jotka stimuloivat useita eri aisteja (ts. multimodaalista signalointia). Esimerkiksi aposemaattiset eliöt puolustautuvat varoitussignaalin lisäksi sekundaarisella puolustuksella. Tässä tutkimuksessa keskityttiin siihen, kuinka täpläsiilikkään (Arctia plantaginis) väritys (genotyypit WW, Wy ovat valkoisia ja yy keltaisia), haju (metoksipyratsiinista) ja maku (pyrrolitsidiinialkaloidista) toimivat puolustuksena lintusaalistajien hyökkäyksiä vastaan. Linnuille tarjottiin kummankin värisiä eläviä siilikkäitä, joita oli manipuloitu niin, että niillä oli joko hajua, makua tai molempia näistä. Näin pystyttiin tutkimaan ku…