Search results for "phage"
showing 10 items of 1573 documents
Alteration of Esophageal Peristalsis by Pentagastrin in Patients with Diffuse Esophageal Spasm
1975
Although it has been shown that gastrin and gastric alkalinization affect the lower esophageal sphincter, in vivo studies have not demonstrated a measurable effect of pentagastrin on esophageal peristalsis. In 9 patients with diffuse esophageal spam and in 10 control subjects esophageal peristalsis was recorded before and after pentagastrin infections. Subcutaneous pentagastrin increased peak amplitude significantly more in patients, 31.2 +/- 8.1 mm Hg (mean +/- S.E.M.), than in controls, 12.1 +/- 5.1 mm Hg (P less than 0.02). Max. duration of contraction waves in patients showed a rise of 11.3 +/- 2.7 sec as compared to controls, 1.9 +/- 0.9 sec (P less than 0.01). The effect of pentagastr…
Decreased Esophageal Sensitivity to Acid in Morbidly Obese Patients: A Cause for Concern?
2017
Background/Aims: To evaluate esophageal sensitivity to acid between morbidly obese (MO) patients and non-MO controls with abnormal esophageal acid exposure. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 58 patients: 30 MO (cases) and 28 non-MO (controls). Esophageal symptoms and esophageal sensitivity to 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution (Bernstein test) were compared between MO and non- MO patients with a prior diagnosis of abnormal esophageal acid exposure. Results: MO patients were less symptomatic than non-MO controls (14% vs 96%; odds ratio [OR], 0.006; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.001 to 0.075; p=0.000). MO patients were more likely to present with decreased esophageal sensitivit…
Endoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
2005
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common chronic disorder which has a severe effect on the patient's quality of life. In view of the high cost of medical therapy and the limitations of surgery, a variety of endoscopic techniques have been developed for the treatment of this condition, and these have shown apparently encouraging results, at least in the short term. However, promising results have been obtained in only around two-thirds of patients over a short-term follow-up period of about 6 months. Moreover, several inconsistencies have emerged between the efficacy of this form of treatment in improving symptoms and quality of life and a lack of improvement of objective parameters, such…
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of esomeprazole for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease
2014
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for the treatment of acid-related diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). They are recommended by the American College of Gastroenterology for healing erosive esophagitis (EO) and as long-term treatment in patients with healed EO. The available PPIs differ somewhat in their pharmacokinetics and clinical properties, but whether these differences are of clinical relevance is a matter of debate. Some safety concerns have been raised with the use of PPIs, mostly an increased incidence of infectious diseases such as community-acquired pneumonia or Clostridium difficile diarrhea.This article explores the results of clinical studies on…
An experimental study on long term outcomes after magnetic esophageal compression anastomosis in piglets
2021
Abstract Background/Purpose Previous studies have shown that a patent, watertight esophageal anastomosis can be accomplished safely using specially-shaped magnets in piglets. However, it is unclear whether such a magnetic esophageal compression anastomosis (MECA) remains patent in the long-term. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of MECA in an experimental pig model over an observation period of 2 months. Methods Ten piglets underwent creation of an MECA with custom-made 8 mm magnets and a U-shaped esophageal bypass loop to allow peroral nutrition at eight weeks of life. Two weeks later, the bypass loop was closed surgically, requiring the pigs to swallow via th…
Current Surgical Treatment Standards for Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancer
2020
A number of different surgical techniques for the treatment of cancer of the esophagus and the esophagogastric junction have been proposed. Guidelines generally recommend a transthoracic approach for esophageal cancer, including Siewert type I tumors. In tumors of the proximal esophageal third, transthoracic esophagectomy may be extended to a three-field approach, including resection of cervical lymph nodes. However, the choice between transthoracic esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis (Ivor Lewis esophagectomy) and the three-incision approach with cervical esophago-gastrostomy (McKeown esophagectomy) remains controversial, with guidelines varying among different countries. Furtherm…
A structured training pathway to implement robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy: the learning curve results from a high-volume center
2019
ABSTRACTTo ensure safe implementation of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE), the learning process should be optimized. This study aimed to report the results of a surgeon who implemented RAMIE in a German high-volume center by following a tailored and structured training pathway that involved proctoring. Consecutive patients who underwent RAMIE during the course of the program were included from a prospective database. A single surgeon, who had prior experience in conventional MIE, performed all RAMIE procedures. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) learning curves were plotted for the thoracic operating time and intraoperative blood loss. Perioperative outcomes were compared between…
Analysis of interobserver variability for endomicroscopy of the gastrointestinal tract
2014
a b s t r a c t Background: Endomicroscopy allows in vivo microscopic investigation of enteral mucosa during endo- scopic examinations. The aim of this study was to determine interobserver variability in the evaluation of endomicroscopic pictures of several organs by groups of investigators composed of confocal experts, pathologists and students. Methods: Twenty-five selected representative endomicroscopic pictures of the colon, stomach and oesophagus (total number, 75) were evaluated based on tissue, inflammatory and neoplastic changes (secondary endpoints). The endomicroscopic presence of neoplastic features was the primary endpoint and correlated with the final histological diagnosis. Re…
Epidemiology and risk factors for oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
2013
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma will soon cease to be a rare form of cancer for people born after 1940. In many Western countries, its incidence has increased more rapidly than other digestive cancers. Incidence started increasing in the Seventies in England and USA, 15 years later in Western Europe and Australia. The cumulative risk between the ages of 15 and 74 is particularly striking in the UK, with a tenfold increase in men and fivefold increase in women in little more than a single generation. Prognosis is poor with a 5-year relative survival rate of less than 10%. The main known risk factors are gastro-oesophageal reflux, obesity (predominantly mediated by intra-abdominal adipose tissues)…
Technical details of the abdominal part during full robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy
2020
Abstract The full robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) is an upcoming approach in the treatment of esophageal and junctional cancer. Potential benefits are seen in angulated precise maneuvers in the abdominal part as well as in the thoracic part, but due to the novelty of this approach the optimal setting of the trocars, the instruments and the operating setting is still under debate. Hereafter, we present a technical description of the ‘Mainz technique’ of the abdominal part of RAMIE carried out as Ivor Lewis procedure. Postoperative complication rate and duration of the abdominal part of 100 consecutive patients from University Medical Center in Mainz are illustrated.…