Search results for "phage"

Efavirenz induces interactions between leucocytes and endothelium through the activation of Mac-1 and gp150,95

2013

The potential cardiovascular (CV) toxicity associated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been attributed mainly to the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors abacavir and didanosine. However, the other two components of cART--non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs)--may also be implicated, either directly or by influencing the action of the other drugs. This study evaluates the acute direct effects of the NNRTIs efavirenz and nevirapine and one of the most widely employed PIs, lopinavir, on leucocyte-endothelium interactions, a hallmark of CV disease.Drugs were analysed in vitro in human cells (interactions of peripheral blood…

Inhalable Formulation Based on Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for the Macrophage Targeted Delivery of Roflumilast

2022

Here, novel lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs), targeted to lung macrophages, were realized as potential carriers for Roflumilast administration in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To achieve this, Roflumilast-loaded fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles, based on a polyaspartamide-polycaprolactone graft copolymer, and lipid vesicles, made from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-phosphoethanolamine-N-(polyethylene glycol)-mannose, were properly combined using a two-step method, successfully obtaining Roflumilast-loaded hybrid fluorescent nanoparticles (Man-LPHFNPs@Roflumilast). These exhibit colloidal size and a ne…

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Cystoviridae

2017

The family Cystoviridae includes enveloped viruses with a tri-segmented dsRNA genome and a double-layered protein capsid. The innermost protein shell is a polymerase complex responsible for genome packaging, replication and transcription. Cystoviruses infect Gram-negative bacteria, primarily plant-pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae strains. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Cystoviridae, which is available at http://www.ictv.global/report/cystoviridae.

Something old, something new : exploring membrane-containing bacteriophages

2016

New enveloped dsRNA phage from freshwater habitat.

2015

Cystoviridae is a family of bacteriophages with a tri-segmented dsRNA genome enclosed in a tri-layered virion structure. Here, we present a new putative member of the Cystoviridae family, bacteriophage ϕNN. ϕNN was isolated from a Finnish lake in contrast to the previously identified cystoviruses, which originate from various legume samples collected in the USA. The nucleotide sequence of the virus reveals a strong genetic similarity (~80 % for the L-segments, ~55 % for the M-segments and ~84 % for the S-segments) to Pseudomonas phage ϕ6, the type member of the virus family. However, the relationship between ϕNN and other cystoviruses is more distant. In general, proteins located in the int…

MIF from mussel: coding sequence, phylogeny, polymorphism, 3D model and regulation of expression.

2012

Abstract Three macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-related sequences were identified from a Mytilus galloprovincialis EST library. The consensus sequence included a 5′-UTR of 32 nucleotides, the complete ORF of 345 nucleotides, and a 3′-UTR of 349 nucleotides. As for other MIFs, M. galloprovincialis ORF does not include any signal or C-terminus extensions. The translated sequence of 115 amino acids possesses a molecular mass of 12,681.4, a pI of 6.27 and a stability index of 21.48. Its 3D structure resembles human MIF except for one shorter α-helix. Although evolutionary separated from ticks and vertebrates, Mg-MIF appeared to be closely related to Pinctada fucata and Haliotis, but…

The efficient bovine insulin presentation capacity of bone marrow-derived macrophages activated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor c…

1993

Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM phi) were shown before to function as antigen-presenting cells. We show here, that the antigen presentation capacity of BMM phi depends on the nature of the antigen and is differently regulated by the lymphokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). When bovine insulin (BI) was employed as antigen, only BMM phi treated with GM-CSF (GM-CSF-M phi) were efficient presenters, but when presentation of the antigens ovalbumin and conalbumin was tested, IFN-gamma-pulsed BMM phi (IFN-gamma-M phi) proved superior to GM-CSF-M phi. The lack of efficient BI presentation function of IFN-gamma-M phi was only obviou…

Functional Analysis of Alloreactive Helper T Cells Involved in the Induction of Cytolytic T Cell Responses In Vitro

1984

When T-responder cells are sensitized in vitro to foreign antigen presented on syngeneic cells or towards allogeneic stimulator cells, a proliferative response is initiated in which antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are generated. The induction of CTL, however, requires the collaboration between functionally distinct T cell subpopulations1–5 and accessory cells from the macrophage lineage, including dendritic cells. The experimental data accumulated so far reveal a cascade of T-T cell interactions and distinct functions of their soluble products resulting in the “Interleukin concept”6 (Fig. 1). Upon receptor-antigen interaction, the “antigen-selected” clones of CTLp become sens…

Virion Antigens Introduced Exogeneously into the Cell Membrane Render Syngeneic Target Cells Susceptible for T Cell-Mediated Cytolysis

1977

Non-infectious sendai virus renders H-2 matched target cells susceptible to the lytic effect of sendai virus immune cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This observation suggests that exogeneous insertion of virion antigen in the membrane of the target cell is sufficient for T cell cytotoxicity. The finding is incompatible with the concept that H-2K or H-2D gene products of the target cells must be altered in their primary structure (pretranslational effect of the virus infection) for T cell-mediated cytolysis to occur.

Comparative Antitumor Effect of Preventive versus Therapeutic Vaccines Employing B16 Melanoma Cells Genetically Modified to Express GM-CSF and B7.2 i…

2012

Cancer vaccines have always been a subject of gene therapy research. One of the most successful approaches has been working with genetically modified tumor cells. In this study, we describe our approach to achieving an immune response against a murine melanoma model, employing B16 tumor cells expressing GM-CSF and B7.2. Wild B16 cells were injected in C57BL6 mice to cause the tumor. Irradiated B16 cells transfected with GM-CSF, B7.2, or both, were processed as a preventive and therapeutic vaccination. Tumor volumes were measured and survival curves were obtained. Blood samples were taken from mice, and IgGs of each treatment group were also measured. The regulatory T cells (Treg) o…