Search results for "pharmacotherapy"
showing 10 items of 283 documents
8.2 Glomerular Filtration Rate by Creatinine and Cystatin C Measurements in Essential Hypertensive Patients
2008
Effects of HIV, antiretroviral therapy and prebiotics on the active fraction of the gut microbiota
2018
In a recent blinded randomized study, we found that in HIV-infected individuals a short supplementation with prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS/glutamine) ameliorates dysbiosis of total gut bacteria, particularly among viremic untreated patients. Our study goal was to determine the fraction of the microbiota that becomes active during the intervention and that could provide additional functional information.A total of six healthy individuals, and 16 HIV-infected patients comprising viremic untreated patients (n = 5) and antiretroviral therapy-treated patients that are further divided into immunological responders (n = 7) and immunological nonresponders (n = 4) completed the 6-week course of prebiotic …
Basic Dynamic States in Endogenous Psychoses, with Special Reference to the Pharmacotherapy of Depressive States
1959
"Eeny, Meeny, Miny, Moe": Prioritizing Medications on the Prescription as an Unexplored Avenue Towards Optimizing Geriatric Pharmacotherapy.
2018
Preclinical evidence of new opioid modulators for the treatment of addiction.
2010
Addiction to opiates is one of the most severe forms of substance dependence, and despite a variety of pharmacological approaches to treat it, relapse is observed in a high percentage of subjects. New pharmacological compounds are necessary to improve the outcome of treatments and reduce adverse side effects. Moreover, drugs that act on the opioid system can also be of benefit in the treatment of alcohol or cocaine addiction. AREA COVERED BY THIS REVIEW: Recent preclinical studies of pharmacological agents for the treatment of opiate addiction (2008 to the present date).The reader will be informed of the latest drugs shown in animal models to modify dependence on opiates and the reinforcing…
Interactions and Monitoring of Antipsychotic Drugs
2012
As a consequence of individualized antipsychotic pharmacotherapy, many patients need more than a single drug, since they do not respond sufficiently to monotherapy. Other patients suffer from comorbid diseases and therefore require additional drugs from other pharmacological classes. Drug combinations, however, can give rise to pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic drug–drug interactions. Evaluation of pharmacokinetic interactions with antipsychotic drugs must consider substrate, inhibitor, and inducer properties for the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes of all combined drugs. For consideration of pharmacodynamic interactions, special attention must be given to effects on dopamine D2, hista…
Recent progress in the pharmacotherapy of cancer pain.
2001
Cancer pain can be relatively well managed with primary therapies, according to the WHO ladder. However, different conditions may limit the response to the analgesic drug used, which are mainly oploids. Specifically, adverse effects may prevail against the analgesic activity in the clinical setting. New pharmacological strategies may enable a more satisfactory response to be obtained, in terms of balance between analgesia and adverse effects. The change of route of administration or the use of alternative opioids is a first-line option. The use of adjuvant drugs may also improve analgesia with different mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated the value of these alternative approaches. …
Elección del agente oral más apropiado, en monoterapia o en combinación, en el paciente anciano con diabetes
2010
The elderly patient with diabetes presents a series of features that we need to have in mind when considering drug therapy, such as quality of life, presence of chronic complications, major geriatric syndromes, and patient preferences. The limited evidence available due to the few studies performed in the elderly explains the limited existing recommendations in the most current clinical practice guidelines. Metformin is the drug of choice as monotherapy and its dosage should be adjusted to the degree of renal failure, a situation very common in the elderly. Other pharmacologic groups can also be used taking into account their limitations and contraindications. There is no consensus on what …
Erstellung einer Kompatibilitätstabelle für die intravenöse Pharmakotherapie auf neonatologischen und pädiatrischen Intensivstationen
2007
Background Modern neonatal and pediatric intensive care includes a sophisticated pharmacotherapy with numerous drugs, mainly administered intravenously. Often, despite the use of multi-lumen central venous lines, more peripheral venous accesses are required. To reduce the necessity of numerous venous lines on one hand and on the other hand to avoid complications from incompatibilities of the administered drugs, we compiled a compatibility chart, encompassing more substances than covered in previously available charts. Methods Information on compatibility of commonly prescribed drugs was collected by analysis of manufacturers' information, medical and pharmaceutical handbooks, and a literatu…
Tools for optimising pharmacotherapy in psychiatry (therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests): focus on antidep…
2021
Contains fulltext : 238693.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Objectives: More than 40 drugs are available to treat affective disorders. Individual selection of the optimal drug and dose is required to attain the highest possible efficacy and acceptable tolerability for every patient.Methods: This review, which includes more than 500 articles selected by 30 experts, combines relevant knowledge on studies investigating the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics of 33 antidepressant drugs and of 4 drugs approved for augmentation in cases of insufficient response to antidepressant monotherapy. Such studies typically measure drug concentrations in blood (i.e. therapeutic …