Search results for "physiologic"

An investigation of the neural circuits underlying reaching and reach-to-grasp movements: from planning to execution

2014

Experimental evidence suggests the existence of a sophisticated brain circuit specifically dedicated to reach-to-grasp planning and execution, both in human and non-human primates (Castiello, 2005). Studies accomplished by means of neuroimaging techniques suggest the hypothesis of a dichotomy between a "reach-to-grasp" circuit, involving the anterior intraparietal area, the dorsal and ventral premotor cortices (PMd and PMv - Castiello and Begliomini, 2008; Filimon, 2010) and a "reaching" circuit involving the medial intraparietal area and the superior parieto-occipital cortex (Culham et al., 2006). However, the time course characterizing the involvement of these regions during the planning …

THE SMALL PROTEIN TRPM MODULATES MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION IN THE MODEL ACTINOMYCETE STREPTOMYCES COELICOLOR A3(2)

2017

BACKGROUNDS TrpM, a small protein of 63 amino acids, modulates tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and morpho-physiological differentiation in the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), a model organism for antibiotic production and cell differentiation. Indeed, the trpM knock-out mutant strain is characterized by a delayed growth on minimal medium, smaller aerial hyphae, and reduction of both spore and antibiotic actinorhodin production in comparison with the wild-type strain. These observations were in agreement with proteomic analyses which highlighted a role for TrpM in controlling i) Trp production through Trp precursor availability and, thus ii) bacterial growth and morpho-physi…

The small protein TrpM modulates morpho-physiological differentiation in Streptomyces coelicolor

2017

TrpM, a small protein of 63 amino acids, is encoded by a gene of the trpCMBA locus involved in tryptophan biosynthesis in the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor. Indeed, the trpM knock-out mutant strain is characterized by a delayed growth on minimal medium, smaller aerial hyphae, and reduction of both spore and antibiotic actinorhodin production in comparison with the wild-type strain. These observations are in agreement with proteomic analyses which highlighted a role for TrpM in controlling i) tryptophan production through precursor availability and, thus ii) bacterial growth and morpho-physiological differentiation. To further elucidate the role of TrpM, a S. coelicolor trpM kno…

A small protein is involved in tryptophan biosynthesis and morpho-physiological differentiation in Streptomyces coelicolor

2015

A small protein is involved in tryptophan biosynthesis and morpho-physiological differentiation in Streptomyces coelicolor

A "fat" Streptomycete strain overproduces antibiotics

Epigenetic influence on Streptomyces coelicolor morphological and physiological differentiation

2017

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification regulating many aspects of biological processes; for instance, in bacteria adenine methylation is well known to be associated with DNA repair and coordination of replication, while the role of cytosine methylation has been elucidated only in a few examples. Streptomyces coelicolor is a mycelial soil microorganism, producer of several antibiotics, with a complex life cycle that includes three different cell types: unigenomic spores, a compartmentalized mycelium (MI) and a multinucleated mycelium (MII). The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of DNA cytosine methylation along the morphological and physiological differentiation…

The small protein SCO2038 controls Streptomyces coelicolor differentiation by modulating tryptophan biosynthesis

2015

Background In Streptomyces coelicolor amino acid metabolism is an important clue of the morphological and physiological differentiation program and, differently from other bacteria, the expression of amino acid biosynthetic genes is not subjected to endproduct negative regulation. In some amino acid biosynthetic gene clusters, such as tryptophan, histidine and proline, small orfs (about 100-300 nucleotides) were identified. These small orfs, such as sco2038, encode proteins whose cellular role have to be elucidated to highlight possible novel and crucial molecular mechanisms controlling amino acid synthesis and, thus, differentiation program. Objectives The aims of this work are: 1. the und…

Stimulant-induced adaptations in neostriatal matrix and striosome systems: Transiting from instrumental responding to habitual behavior in drug addic…

2005

Abstract Converging evidence indicates that repeated exposure to motor stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine produces marked alterations in network responsiveness of striatal neurons to subsequent challenge with the same stimulant drug. Such alterations, which correlate with persistent patterns of repetitive behavior, associate with distinct compartmental changes in the neostriatum. Striatal matrix system neurons undergo “silencing” following repeated drug challenges, allowing striosome system neurons to exhibit preferential activation. Matrix neurons are innervated by sensory and motor areas of neocortex and are activated in the course of on-going, adaptive behavior. Inactivation of m…

An Ensemble Learning Method for Emotion Charting Using Multimodal Physiological Signals

2022

Emotion charting using multimodal signals has gained great demand for stroke-affected patients, for psychiatrists while examining patients, and for neuromarketing applications. Multimodal signals for emotion charting include electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and galvanic skin response (GSR) signals. EEG, ECG, and GSR are also known as physiological signals, which can be used for identification of human emotions. Due to the unbiased nature of physiological signals, this field has become a great motivation in recent research as physiological signals are generated autonomously from human central nervous system. Researchers have developed multiple methods for …

Machine learning for a combined electroencephalographic anesthesia index to detect awareness under anesthesia

2020

Spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) and auditory evoked potentials (AEP) have been suggested to monitor the level of consciousness during anesthesia. As both signals reflect different neuronal pathways, a combination of parameters from both signals may provide broader information about the brain status during anesthesia. Appropriate parameter selection and combination to a single index is crucial to take advantage of this potential. The field of machine learning offers algorithms for both parameter selection and combination. In this study, several established machine learning approaches including a method for the selection of suitable signal parameters and classification algorithms are a…