Search results for "physiologic"

The interface of clinical psychopharmacology and psychopathology.

1989

Four areas of common interest for clinical psychopharmacology and psychopathology are identified: (1) the diagnostic-based approach in clinical psychopharmacology; (2) the characterization of psychotropic drugs according the main psychopathologically defined target symptoms; (3) prediction of treatment response; (4) development of rating scales. The current state of research strategies in these areas is discussed and the need for new strategies is stressed. In particular, diagnosis-based research strategies in clinical psychopharmacology are not fully justified by empirical data; an alternative approach is discussed.

Different strategies to achieve Pb-tolerance by the two Trebouxia algae coexisting in the lichen Ramalina farinacea.

2012

Lichen thalli are permeable to airborne substances, including heavy metals, which are harmful to cell metabolism. Ramalina farinacea shows a moderate tolerance to Pb. This lichen comprises two Trebouxia phycobionts, provisionally referred to as TR1 and TR9, with distinct physiological responses to acute oxidative stress. Thus, there is a more severe decay in photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments in TR1 than in TR9. Similarly, under oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and HSP70 protein decrease in TR1 but increase in TR9. Since Pb toxicity is associated with increased ROS formation, we hypothesized greater Pb tolerance in this phycobiont. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was …

Life-history trade-offs in a generalist digenean from cetaceans: the role of host specificity and environmental factors

2015

Background Adults and larvae of generalist parasites are exposed to diverse hosts and local environmental conditions throughout their life cycles, thus local adaptation is expected to occur through phenotypic plasticity and/or natural selection. We investigated how the combined effect of cryptic host specificity and local selective pressures could shape reproductive traits of a putative generalist parasite in the oceanic realm. Methods The LSU rDNA, ITS2 and the mt-COI of individuals of the digenean Pholeter gastrophilus (Kossack, 1910) Odhner, 1914 (Heterophyidae Leiper, 1909) from oceanic striped dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba Meyen, and coastal bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus Mo…

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes: Are there differences in academic problems?

1995

This article addresses the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and academic problems. The development of diagnostic categories of attention deficits from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.) to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) is briefly reviewed. Forty‐five Chilean children demonstrating symptoms of either ADHD Combined Type, ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type, or ADHD Predominantly Hyperactivity‐Impulsive Type are compared with each other and with a clinical control group on the prevalence of academic achievement problems. The data show that academic problems are more common among ADHD Comb…

Respuestas subjetivas, fisiológicas y en la actividad eléctrica cerebral ante una dosis de cocaína en varones con y sin antecedentes familiares de al…

2000

Remarks on the environmental adaptation of man.

1971

In this paper the geographical variability of some morphological, physiological and serological traits of man is discussed with respect to the question, how far this variability can be considered as the result of selective adaptation processes. Though there is already some evidence supporting such an assumption, much more detailed and exactly planned research is necessary to clear the indubitable relations between the distribution patterns of anthropological traits and the various environmental conditions of human biotops. Particularly much more work is required to understand the causative mechanisms on which these relations are based.

Growth and defense in deciduous trees and shrubs under UV-B

2005

Abstract Reflection by waxy or resinous surface structures and hairs, repair reactions of biomolecules and induction of different sheltering components provide the means of plant protection from harmful solar UV-B radiation. Secondary products, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids as defense components are also important in plant tolerance to UV-B, fulfilling the dual role as screens that reduce UV-B penetration in plant tissues, and as antioxidants protecting from damage by reactive oxidant species. Plants are sensitive to UV-B radiation, and this sensitivity can be even more clone-specific than species-specific. The results available in the literature for deciduous trees and shrubs in…

Phytoestrogens increase the capacity of serum to stimulate prostacyclin release in human endothelial cells

2003

Both the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta isoforms are expressed in the endothelium. The ER beta has been assigned a crucial role in normal vascular wall function. Prostacyclin has been ascribed a beneficial effect on vessel wall physiology. Isoflavones bind with higher affinity to ER beta. We investigated the hypothesis that their administration to postmenopausal women can promote endothelial prostacyclin production.Twenty-five healthy postmenopausal women with mild climacteric symptoms received capsules containing 55 mg/day isoflavones derived from soy and red clover for 6 months. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed for 24 h to serum collected before…

Deep conservation of bivalve nacre proteins highlighted by shell matrix proteomics of the Unionoida Elliptio complanata and Villosa lienosa.

2016

The formation of the molluscan shell nacre is regulated to a large extent by a matrix of extracellular macromolecules that are secreted by the shell-forming tissue, the mantle. This so-called ‘calcifying matrix’ is a complex mixture of proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that is assembled and occluded within the mineral phase during the calcification process. Better molecular-level characterization of the substances that regulate nacre formation is still required. Notable advances in expressed tag sequencing of freshwater mussels, such as Elliptio complanata and Villosa lienosa , provide a pre-requisite to further characterize bivalve nacre proteins by a proteomic approach. In this…

Negative feedback regulation of the yeast CTH1 and CTH2 mRNA binding proteins is required for adaptation to iron deficiency and iron supplementation.

2013

Iron (Fe) is an essential element for all eukaryotic organisms because it functions as a cofactor in a wide range of biochemical processes. Cells have developed sophisticated mechanisms to tightly control Fe utilization in response to alterations in cellular demands and bioavailability. In response to Fe deficiency, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae activates transcription of the CTH1 and CTH2 genes, which encode proteins that bind to AU-rich elements (AREs) within the 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of many mRNAs, leading to metabolic reprogramming of Fe-dependent pathways and decreased Fe storage. The precise mechanisms underlying Cth1 and Cth2 function and regulation are incompletely u…