Search results for "pig"
showing 10 items of 2235 documents
Bacteriophage GIL01 gp7 interacts with host LexA repressor to enhance DNA binding and inhibit RecA-mediated auto-cleavage
2015
The SOS response in Eubacteria is a global response to DNA damage and its activation is increasingly associated with the movement of mobile genetic elements. The temperate phage GIL01 is induced into lytic growth using the host's SOS response to genomic stress. LexA, the SOS transcription factor, represses bacteriophage transcription by binding to a set of SOS boxes in the lysogenic promoter P1. However, LexA is unable to efficiently repress GIL01 transcription unless the small phage-encoded protein gp7 is also present. We found that gp7 forms a stable complex with LexA that enhances LexA binding to phage and cellular SOS sites and interferes with RecA-mediated auto-cleavage of LexA, the ke…
Epigenetic modifiers are necessary but not sufficient for reprogramming non-myelinating cells into myelin gene-expressing cells.
2010
Background Modifications on specific histone residues and DNA methylation play an essential role in lineage choice and cellular reprogramming. We have previously shown that histone modifications or combinatorial codes of transcription factors (TFs) are critical for the differentiation of multipotential progenitors into myelinating oligodendrocytes. In this study we asked whether combining global manipulation of DNA methylation and histone acetylation together with the expression of oligodendrocyte- specific TFs, was sufficient to switch the identity of fibroblasts into myelin gene-expressing cells. Methodology/Principal Findings Transfection of six oligodendrocyte-specific TFs (Olig1, Olig2…
Correction for Frantz et al., Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe
2020
Significance Archaeological evidence indicates that domestic pigs arrived in Europe, alongside farmers from the Near East ∼8,500 y ago, yet mitochondrial genomes of modern European pigs are derived from European wild boars. To address this conundrum, we obtained mitochondrial and nuclear data from modern and ancient Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses indicate that, aside from a coat color gene, most Near Eastern ancestry in the genomes of European domestic pigs disappeared over 3,000 y as a result of interbreeding with local wild boars. This implies that pigs were not domesticated independently in Europe, yet the first 2,500 y of human-mediated selection applied by Near Eastern Ne…
Immunohistochemical localization of cyclooxygenase isoforms in the organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion cells of guinea pig cochlea.
2003
Prostaglandins have been used in experimental models and clinical studies for the therapy of sudden hearing loss and tinnitus with conflicting results. However, little is known about the rate-limiting enzymes of prostaglandin synthesis in the inner ear, the generally constitutively expressed cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and the distress-inducible cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2). To extend our knowledge concerning the physiological expression and localization of these two enzymes, immunohistochemical stainings of the guinea pig cochlea were performed. Light microscopical analysis revealed a homogenous distribution of COX-1 within nearly all cell types of the organ of Corti, but no COX-1 expression in th…
Structural stability and properties of three isoforms of the major light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complexes of photosystem II.
2008
AbstractThree isoforms of the major light-harvesting chlorophyll (Chl) a/b complexs of photosystem II (LHCIIb) in the pea, namely, Lhcb1, Lhcb2, and Lhcb3, were obtained by overexpression of apoprotein in Escherichia coli and by successfully refolding these isoforms with thylakoid pigments in vitro. The sequences of the protein, pigment stoichiometries, spectroscopic characteristics, thermo- and photostabilities of different isoforms were analysed. Comparison of their spectroscopic properties and structural stabilities revealed that Lhcb3 differed strongly from Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 in both respects. It showed the lowest Qy transition energy, with its reddest absorption about 2 nm red-shifted, an…
Evidence for a possible NOS back-up system in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig
2003
Recently, the two Ca(2+)/calmodulin-regulated nitric oxide synthase isoforms, nNOS and eNOS, and NO itself have been identified in the cochlea of vertebrates using specific antibodies and a new fluorescence indicator. In order to acquire more information about the quantitative and spatial distribution of these two constitutively expressed NOS isoforms (cNOS) in the organ of Corti at the cellular and subcelluar levels, ultrathin sections of London resin (LR) White-embedded cochleae of the guinea pig were incubated with various concentrations of commercially available antibodies to nNOS and eNOS. The immunoreactivity was visualized by a gold-labeled secondary antibody and the amount of the im…
Usher syndrome and Leber congenital amaurosis are molecularly linked via a novel isoform of the centrosomal ninein-like protein.
2009
Contains fulltext : 80984.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Usher syndrome (USH) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) are autosomal recessive disorders resulting in syndromic and non-syndromic forms of blindness. In order to gain insight into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying retinal degeneration, we searched for interacting proteins of USH2A isoform B (USH2A(isoB)) and the LCA5-encoded protein lebercilin. We identified a novel isoform of the centrosomal ninein-like protein, hereby named Nlp isoform B (Nlp(isoB)), as a common interactor. Although we identified the capacity of this protein to bind calcium with one of its three EF-hand domains, the interacton with USH2A(isoB) did …
Differential Distribution of Harmonin Isoforms and Their Possible Role in Usher-1 Protein Complexes in Mammalian Photoreceptor Cells
2003
PURPOSE. Human Usher syndrome is the most common form of combined deafness and blindness. Usher type I (USH1), the most severe form, is characterized by profound congenital deafness, constant vestibular dysfunction, and prepubertal onset retinitis pigmentosa. Previous studies have shown that the USH1-proteins myosin VIIa, harmonin, and cadherin 23 interact and form a functional network during hair cell differentiation in the inner ear. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the molecular and cellular functions of these USH1 proteins in the mammalian retina. METHODS. Antibodies to USH1 proteins were generated and used in Western blot analysis of subcellular photoreceptor fractions a…
The Cellular Function of the Usher Gene Product Myosin VIIa is Specified by Its Ligands
2003
Defects in myosin Vlla are responsible for Usher Syndrome 1B (Weil et al., 1995). Human Usher syndrome (USH), named after the British ophthalmologist Charles Usher (Usher, 1914), is the most common hereditary form of combined blind-and deafness (~ 50% of cases in the developed countries). USH designates a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders with hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Three different USH types (USH1, 2 and 3; see Table 1) can be distinguished according to the degree of clinical symptomes. USH1 is the most severe subtype, characterized by severe to profound congenital sensorineuronal deafness, constant vestibular dysfunction (balance deficiency) a…
Next-Generation Sequencing: Application in Liver Cancer—Past, Present and Future?
2012
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the third most deadly malignancy worldwide characterized by phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity. In the past two decades, advances in genomic analyses have formed a comprehensive understanding of different underlying pathobiological layers resulting in hepatocarcinogenesis. More recently, improvements of sophisticated next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have enabled complete and cost-efficient analyses of cancer genomes at a single nucleotide resolution and advanced into valuable tools in translational medicine. Although the use of NGS in human liver cancer is still in its infancy, great promise rests in the systematic integration of different …