Search results for "planning."
showing 10 items of 3916 documents
Extracting locations from sport and exercise-related social media messages using a neural network-based bilingual toponym recognition model
2022
Funding: This study is a part of the “Equality in suburban physical activity environments, YLLI” research project (in Finnish: Yhdenvertainen liikunnallinen lähiö, YLLI). The project is being financed by the research program about suburban in Finland “Lähiöohjelma 2020-2022” coordinated by the Ministry of Environment (grant recipient: Dr. Petteri Muukkonen). Sport and exercise contribute to health and well-being in cities. While previous research has mainly focused on activities at specific locations such as sport facilities, “informal sport” that occur at arbitrary locations across the city have been largely neglected. Such activities are more challenging to observe, but this challenge may…
Modélisation du comportement des agriculteurs face au risque dans un modèle de programmation mathématique positive (PMP) à grande échelle
2017
Agricultural production is characterized for being a risky business due to weather variability, market instability, plant diseases as well as climate change and political economy uncertainty. The modelling of risk at farm level is not new, however, the inclusion of risk in Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) models is particularly challenging. Most of the few existing PMP-risk approaches have been conducted at farm-type level and for a very limited and specific sample of farms. This implies that the modelling of risk and uncertainty at individual farm level and in a large scale system is still a challenging task. The aim of this paper is to formulate, estimate and test a robust methodol…
Revisiting agricultural modernisation: Interconnected farming practices driving rural development at the farm level
2019
Abstract Rural development related to agriculture can roughly be divided into two trajectories: 1) agri-industrial development or modernisation, and 2) multifunctional or even post-productivist rural development. The role of these trajectories varies in different rural settings, with different emphases on agricultural production and its conduct. At the farm level, the trajectories evolve from existing farming practices and their connections, which enable or disable different kinds of development. However, the connections through which changes in agricultural production practices contribute to different rural development trajectories deserve further scrutiny. This is addressed with the help …
Benefits of soil carbon: report on the outcomes of an international scientific committee on problems of the environment rapid assessment workshop
2014
The outcomes of the discussion in the four working sessions showed that although there is an urgent need to improve soil carbon management and stocks, and despite the existing knowledge about good agricultural practices to achieve this goal, these are not put into practice effectively and globally. The apparent contradiction has to do with a mismatch of policies at different societal and geographical scales, and the low policy profile of SOC. All participants agreed in the need to bring SOC into the core of environmental policies at all levels and to improve the governance of policy actions by addressing the stakeholders in a more effective way. Fil: Banwart, Steven. University of Sheffield…
The impact of urban development on aquifers in large coastal cities of West Africa: Present status and future challenges
2018
Abstract This paper investigates the coastal cities of Abidjan, Cotonou, Lagos and Douala in West Africa. Published data on these areas were aggregated in order to compare the urban development of some African huge cities and assess their impacts on groundwater. Those urban centers have experienced an exponential demographic expansion since the 1950s, with increased population densities and a geographical coverage expansion as well. The Continental Terminal aquifer, major groundwater resource taped in this region by the national water companies and local populations, shows a continuous downward trend in piezometric levels. Concerning water quality, the evolution up to the current state (sal…
The carbon footprint of a knowledge organization and emission scenarios for a post-COVID-19 world
2021
Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The looming climate crisis requires an immediate response, in which organizations, as major contributors, should play a central role. However, these organizations need appropriate tools to measure and mitigate their climate impacts. One commonly applied method is carbon footprint analysis. Carbon footprint analyses have been conducted for various types of organizations, but knowledge organizations, such as universities and research institutes, have received far less attention, because their carbon footprint is often less visible and can be easily underestimated. This study is based on the carbon footprint analysis of one multinational knowledge organization. This…
The effect of climate on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of findings, and statistical and modelling techniques
2020
The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has spread rapidly around the world since it was first reported in humans in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 after being contracted from a zoonotic source. This new virus produces the so-called coronavirus 2019 or COVID-19. Although several studies have supported the epidemiological hypothesis that weather patterns may affect the survival and spread of droplet-mediated viral diseases, the most recent have concluded that summer weather may offer partial or no relief of the COVID-19 pandemic to some regions of the world. Some of these studies have considered only meteorological variables, while others have included non-meteorological factors. The statistical and…
The need for an independent evaluation of the COVID-19 response in Spain.
2020
Spain has been hit hard by COVID-19, with more than 300 000 cases, 28 498 confirmed deaths,1 and around 44 000 excess deaths, as of Aug 4, 2020.2 More than 50 000 health workers have been infected, and nearly 20 000 deaths were in nursing homes.3 With a population of 47 million, these data place Spain among the worst affected countries. Spain is also reported to have one of the best performing health systems in the world4 and ranks 15th in the Global Health Security index.5 So how is it possible that Spain now finds itself in this position?
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sports Entrepreneurship
2020
Sports entrepreneurship has been considered an important part of sports organisations when overcoming crisis situations. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of the crisis derived from COVID-19 on sports entrepreneurship and whether there are differences in the prediction of entrepreneurship on service quality in non-profit sports clubs. To this end, 145 sports clubs were analysed before and after the outbreak of the virus in society. Paired sample-t tests were carried out to determine the differences in variables studied before (Time I) and after (Time II) the COVID-19 outbreak, and correlations and hierarchical linear regressions were used to analyse the relationship between t…
Environmental risk factors of airborne viral transmission: Humidity, Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in the Netherlands
2020
AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between specific humidity and influenza/SARS-CoV-2 in the Netherlands is evaluated over time and at regional level.DesignParametric and non-parametric correlation coefficients are calculated to quantify the relationship between humidity and influenza, using five years of weekly data. Bayesian spatio-temporal models—with a Poisson and a Gaussian likelihood—are estimated to find the relationship between regional humidity and the daily cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the municipalities and provinces of the Netherlands.ResultsAn inverse (negative) relationship is observed between specific humidity and the incidence of influenza between 2015 and 2019. The space-time anal…