Search results for "poikkeavuus"

Somatosensory Brain Function and Gray Matter Regional Volumes Differ According to Exercise History : Evidence from Monozygotic Twins

2017

Associations between long-term physical activity and cortical function and brain structure are poorly known. Our aim was to assess whether brain functional and/or structural modulation associated with long-term physical activity is detectable using a discordant monozygotic male twin pair design. Nine monozygotic male twin pairs were carefully selected for an intrapair difference in their leisure-time physical activity of at least three years duration (mean age 34 ± 1 years). We registered somatosensory mismatch response (SMMR) in EEG to electrical stimulation of fingers and whole brain MR images. We obtained exercise history and measured physical fitness and body composition. Equivalent ele…

Auditory-evoked potentials to changes in sound duration in urethane-anesthetized mice

2019

Spectrotemporally complex sounds carry important information for acoustic communication. Among the important features of these sounds is the temporal duration. An event‐related potential called mismatch negativity indexes auditory change detection in humans. An analogous response (mismatch response) has been found to duration changes in speech sounds in rats but not yet in mice. We addressed whether mice show this response, and, if elicited, whether this response is functionally analogous to mismatch negativity or whether adaptation‐based models suffice to explain them. Auditory‐evoked potentials were epidurally recorded above the mice auditory cortex. The differential response to the chang…

Music-induced positive mood broadens the scope of auditory attention

2017

Previous studies indicate that positive mood broadens the scope of visual attention, which can manifest as heightened distractibility. We used event-related potentials (ERP) to investigate whether music-induced positive mood has comparable effects on selective attention in the auditory domain. Subjects listened to experimenter-selected happy, neutral or sad instrumental music and afterwards participated in a dichotic listening task. Distractor sounds in the unattended channel elicited responses related to early sound encoding (N1/MMN) and bottom-up attention capture (P3a) while target sounds in the attended channel elicited a response related to top-down-controlled processing of task-releva…

Preattentive and attentive responses to changes in small numerosities of tones in adult humans

2016

The brain hosts a primitive number sense to non-symbolically represent numerosities of objects or events. Small exact numerosities (~4 or less) can be individuated in parallel. In contrast, large numerosities (more than ~4) can only be approximated. However, whether small numerosities can be approximated without their parallel individuation remains unclear. Parallel individuation is suggested to be an attentive process and numerical approximation an automatic process. We, therefore, tested whether small numerosities can be represented preattentively. We recorded adult humans׳ event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral responses to 300-ms sequences of six tones (each of either 440 Hz or …

Divergence and introgression among the virilis group of Drosophila

2022

AbstractSpeciation with gene flow is now widely regarded as common. However, the frequency of introgression between recently diverged species and the evolutionary consequences of gene flow are still poorly understood. The virilis group of Drosophila contains around a dozen species that are geographically widespread and show varying levels of pre-zygotic and post-zygotic isolation. Here, we utilize de novo genome assemblies and whole-genome sequencing data to resolve phylogenetic relationships and describe patterns of introgression and divergence across the group. We suggest that the virilis group consists of three, rather than the traditional two, subgroups. We found evidence of pervasive p…

Electrophysiological evidence for change detection in speech sound patterns by anesthetized rats

2014

Human infants are able to detect changes in grammatical rules in a speech sound stream. Here, we tested whether rats have a comparable ability by using an electrophysiological measure that has been shown to reflect higher order auditory cognition even before it becomes manifested in behavioral level. Urethane-anesthetized rats were presented with a stream of sequences consisting of three pseudowords carried out at a fast pace. Frequently presented “standard” sequences had 16 variants which all had the same structure. They were occasionally replaced by acoustically novel “deviant” sequences of two different types: structurally consistent and inconsistent sequences. Two stimulus conditions we…

Urheiluseuratoimijoiden poikkeavat näkemykset Nuori Suomi ry : stä

2011

Tämä tutkielma sijoittuu suomalaisen kansalaistoiminnan tutkimuskenttään. Tutkielman tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten lasten ja nuorten urheilutoimintaa järjestävien urheiluseurojen seuratoimijoiden näkemykset Nuori Suomi ry:stä järjestönä, sen tavoitteista ja sinettiseuratoiminnasta poikkeavat toisistaan sukupuolittain, seuratoimijaryhmittäin sekä yksilö- ja joukkuelajeittain vertailtuna. Urheiluseuratoimijat ymmärrettiin kerroksisena toimijajoukkona, jolloin heillä tarkoitettiin eritaustaisia ja seuroissa eri rooleissa toimivia ihmisiä. Tutkielmassa todennettiin seuratoimijoiden kerroksisuus sekä toimijoiden intressien ja näkökantojen keskinäinen poikkeavuus. Tässä kvantitatiivisessa tutk…

Lasten poikkeavuuden määrittely 1950-luvun Suomessa

2014

Tässä Suomen historian pro-gradu työssä tarkastellaan lapsuuden aikaisten ongelmien määritte-lyä 1950-luvun Suomessa. Alkuperäislähteinä on käytetty psykologian oppikirjoja sekä Keski-Suomen kasvatusneuvolan toimintakertomuksia vuosilta 1953–1962. Tutkimuksessa on lähes-tytty kasvatusneuvolaa ja psykologiaa tieteenä normaalin tuottajina. Kvalitatiivisessa sisällön-analyysia käyttävässä tutkimuksessa näkökulmana on ollut Michel Foucault’n teoria biovallasta. Tutkimuksen rakenne etenee tutkimuskysymysten esittelystä sekä tutkimuskirjallisuuden ja tut-kimuksen suuntaviivojen esittelystä aiheen taustoitukseen. Lasten huollon ja hoivan historian taustoittamisen jälkeen vuorossa on aineiston vars…

Evaluation and extraction of mismatch negativity through exploiting temporal, spectral, time-frequency, and spatial features

2010

Spatial Properties of Mismatch Negativity in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness

2018

In recent decades, event-related potentials have been used for the clinical electrophysiological assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs). In this paper, an oddball paradigm with two types of frequencydeviant stimulus (standard stimuli were pure tones of 1000 Hz; small deviant stimuli were pure tones of 1050 Hz; large deviant stimuli were pure tones of 1200 Hz) was applied to elicit mismatch negativity (MMN) in 30 patients with DOCs diagnosed using the JFK Coma Recovery ScaleRevised (CRS-R). The results showed that the peak amplitudes of MMN elicited by both large and small deviant stimuli were significantly different from baseline. In terms of the spatial properties of…