Search results for "points"

History teaching in Finnish general upper secondary schools: Objectives and practices

2019

In Finland, the trend towards a new kind of history teaching emphasizing the understanding of historical knowledge and historical thinking skills began in the mid-1990s, when history teaching objectives were defined much more broadly in the curriculum than previously. In this article, we examine how, in over twenty years since the changes in curriculum objectives were made, general upper secondary school teachers have come to value the curriculum objectives of history teaching and how these have impacted on their teaching. The data for this article were collected by a semi-structured survey in 2016. Using counts, percentages, means, standard deviations and medians, a descriptive exploration…

Verzweigungsgrad und viskositätszahl bei polystyrolen

1961

Das Quadrat des Tragheitsradius r2 eines verzweigten Molekuls ist gegenuber dem des unverzweigten Molekuls r02 um den Faktor g = r2/r02 herabgesetzt. Hieraus ergibt sich nach ZIMM und KILB eine Verringerung der Viskositatszahl (STAUDINGER-Index) um den Betrag Diese Beziehung wird an Polystyrolen verschiedenen Verzweigungsgrades nachgepruft. Hierzu werden trifunktionell verzweigte Polystyrole mit definiertem Verzweigungsgrad hergestellt. Die relative Ubertragungskonstante am Polystyrol wurde fruher durch reaktionskinetische Messungen zu Cpol = 1,9·10−4 bei 60°C bestimmt. Die Kenntnis dieser Grose ermoglicht es, durch thermische Polymerisation bis zu verschieden hohen Umsatzen unverzweigte Po…

Student teachers' indirect complaining in learning groups

2011

This article focuses on indirect complaining in teacher education. The phenomenon of complaining in educational situations has not been examined as a process before. In this study complaining was examined in naturally occurring learning group sessions, which were videotaped and analysed through Conversation Analysis (CA). The purpose of this study is to describe the beginning of complaints and find ways to handle situations including complaining. The data comprise 26 pedagogically focused discussions that included indirect complaining. These were categorized into four classes: discussions which produced accounts, advice‐giving discussions, discussions expressing different viewpoints, and di…

Parent–professional interviews in child protection: Comparing viewpoints

2019

Imbalance of Power: Social Service Entrepreneurss Experiences of Entrepreneur-Municipality Relationship

2014

We investigate the complex dynamics between social service entrepreneurs and social sector managers through the lens of network metaphor, utilizing our data on social service entrepreneurs’ experiences of cooperation with municipalities. We examine what kinds of dependencies exist in the entrepreneur–municipality relationships and what kind of consequences these dependencies have on social service businesses run by entrepreneurs. Basing on the social service entrepreneurs experience, our findings suggest that while the cooperation with the municipality represents a prerequisite for success, their business represent only one alternative for the renewal of social service structures from the p…

Estimating the substitutability between private and public consumption: the case of Spain, 1960–2003

2005

This paper examines the relationship between private and public consumption using Spanish data over the period 1960–2003, using a two-good permanent-income model. We extend previous analysis addressing the question of whether this relationship is stable over time, or exhibits a structural break allowing the instability to occur at an unknown point in time. Our empirical results indicated the existence of a long-run relationship between private and public consumption. We also detect a structural change of regime shift in the cointegration regression around the time of 1973–74. Finally, the estimated intratemporal and intertemporal elasticities of substitution between the two types of expendi…

Asset Markets and Equilibrium Selection in Public Goods Games with Provision Points: An Experimental Study

2001

This paper reports the experimental results of implicit pre-play communication on the equilibrium selection in threshold public goods game experiments. The existence of an asset market in which the right to participate in a public goods game with a provision point is auctioned off among a larger group in a first stage is found to enhance significantly the contribution to the provision of the public good in a subsequent second stage. Though, contributions declined on average in the repeated public goods game when subjects were endowed with the right to play, they increased when subjects purchased the right to play. Once reached the Pareto-dominant equilibrium in the second stage, the auction…

Is ex‐ante ex‐post analysis irrelevant to Keynes's theory of employment?

2004

Ex‐ante ex‐post analysis has become a standard tool in macroeconomics. Yet Keynes dismissed it. We argue that Keynes's dismissal of ex‐ante ex‐post analysis is not an oddity but an indication of the originality of his theory of employment compared to standard macroeconomics. First, the principle of effective demand does not amount to a process that determines employment and income at the point of intersection of the traditionally defined ex ante supply and demand functions. Second, the finance motive allowed Keynes to confirm the identity of aggregate supply and demand already asserted in The General Theory. This latter conclusion is puzzling, however, since the principle of effective deman…

Welfare, Home Market Effects, and Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment

2005

We investigate the spatial distribution and organization of an imperfectly competitive industry when firms may choose to operate more than a single production unit. Focusing on a short-run setting with a fixed mass of firms, we fully characterize the spatial equilibria analytically. Comparing the equilibrium and the first-best, we show that both organizational and spatial inefficiencies may arise. In particular, when fixed costs are low enough the market outcome may well lead to overinvestment and, therefore, to too many multinationals operating from a social point of view. Furthermore, once multinationals are taken into account, the market outcome may well lead too little agglomeration.

Self-Enforcing International Environmental Agreements: Adaptation and Complementarity

2018

This paper studies the impact of adaptation on the stability of an international emission agreement. To address this issue we solve a three-stage coalition formation game where in the first stage countries decide whether or not to sign the agreement. Then, in the second stage, signatories (playing together) and non-signatories (playing individually) select their levels of emissions. Finally, in the third stage, each country decides on its level of adaptation non co-operatively. We solve this game for two models. For both, it is assumed that damages are linear with respect to emissions which guarantee that emissions are strategic complements in the second stage of the game. However, for the …