Search results for "positivism"
showing 10 items of 125 documents
El caso de los tiradores del Muro de Berlín. A vueltas con algunos debates clásicos de la Filosofía del Derecho del siglo XX
2011
RESUMEN Es artículo analiza el caso de los centinelas del muro de Berlín que disparaban y mataron a algunas personas –que querían pasar la frontera-, amparados por una interpretación del Derecho de la RDA. Algunos años después de la unificación alemana, el Tribunal Constitucional condenó aquellos soldados por asesinato con el argumento que se trataba de Derecho “extremadamente injusto”. Esta es una forma particular de aplicación de la fórmula de Radburch. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el caso de los centinelas del Muro de Berlín bajo la perspectiva del la Filosofía del Derecho, particularmente en la controversia entre positivismo y iusnaturalismo. En este sentido, se comparan l…
Źródła polskiej myśli socjologicznej w środowisku naukowym Lwowa: pozytywizm Józefa Supińskiego
2015
Polska myśl socjologiczna sięga swoimi korzeniami wielu źródeł. Lwowskie środowisko naukowe jest jednym z nich, którego wpływ byłby z pewnością większy, gdyby okres II wojny światowej i ostateczna utrata tych ziem przez odrodzoną Polskę, nie przerwał jego rozwoju. Środowisko społeczno-kulturalne Lwowa przełomu XIX i XX wieku współtworzyło początki polskiej myśli socjologicznej. Dokonało się to między innymi poprzez wpływ akademików lwowskich na kolejne pokolenia uczniów, które licznie zasiliły później środowiska naukowe warszawskie, krakowskie, poznańskie, a po II wojnie światowej, również wrocławskie i gliwickie. Polska socjologia powstała, podobnie jak w krajach Europy Zachodniej, na grun…
Ronald Dworkin e il positivismo giuridico: un bilancio provvisorio
2014
The controversy between Dworkin and legal positivism has lasted more than forty years. After Dworkin’s death, a reflection on this debate is needed. This paper faces some of the most important and popular arguments Dworkin advanced against legal positivism. More precisely, the article is divided in two main parts. The first is devoted to a critical presentation of three arguments developed by Dworkin in his early essays against Hart’s practice theory of norms. In particular, these arguments challenge a) the idea that law is a system of rules; b) the autonomy of legal obligation from moral one and c) the idea that judges exercise (strong) discretion in hard cases. The second part analyses tw…
Neil MacCormick's Second Thoughts on Legal Reasoning and Legal Theory. A Defence of the Original View
2011
This paper offers a diachronic reconstruction of MacCormick's theory of law and legal argumentation: In particular, two related points will be highlighted in which the difference between the perspective upheld in Legal Reasoning and Legal Theory and the later writings is particularly marked. The first point concerns MacCormick's gradual break with legal positivism, and more specifically the thesis that the implicit pretension to justice of law proves legal positivism false in all its different versions. The second point concerns MacCormick's acceptance of the one-right-answer thesis and the consequent thinning of the differences between MacCormick's theory of legal reasoning and that of Ron…
What Can Plans Do for Legal Theory?
2012
In his book, Legality (2011), Scott Shapiro puts forward what he claims to be "a new, and hopefully better" (better, namely, than the ones given so far) answer to "the overarching question of ‘What is law?’ - The central claim of this new account - the "Planning Thesis" - is that "legal activity is a form of social planning" -. "Legal institutions plan for the communities over which they claim authority, both by telling members what they may or may not do, and by identifying those who are entitled to affect what others may or may not do. Following this claim, legal rules are themselves generalized plans, or planlike norms, issued by those who are authorized to plan for others. And adjudicat…
Translational transitions: “Translation proper” and translation studies in the humanities
2009
The increasing use of “translation” in the humanities during the past few years has brought about a broader variety of perspectives on translation than previously allowed for by modernist and positivist approaches. For centuries, attempts to control meaning and the metaphysical idea of translation which extended this desire for control beyond linguistic boundaries have resulted in a concept of translation which, since the second half of the eighteenth century, has progressively added to the constraints faced by both translators and translation theorists. The fact that now their “master word” is being celebrated by other disciplines is understandably being welcomed with enthusiasm by scholar…
Positivism on the move: translators and publishers in Mexico and Argentina (1850-1950)
2013
La historiografía sobre el tema ha mostrado que la introducción de la filosofía de Auguste Comte en Latinoamérica dio lugar a un positivismo profundamente heterogéneo. Su combinación con los escritos de Herbert Spencer, Charles Darwin y John Stuart Mill, la circulación de impresos, tanto en lengua original como en traducción, y el desarrollo de un mercado editorial internacional a fines del siglo XIX son algunos de los factores que contribuyen a explicar dicha heterogeneidad. El presente trabajo estudia la circulación de las ideas positivistas en Argentina y en México desde la perspectiva de los editores y traductores activos entre 1850 y 1950, un periodo clave para la organización política…
El nacimiento de la historiografia musical en Italia durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y los problemas del metodo historico
2015
The article explains the role, the scope and the methods of the 19th-Century music historiography in Italy in comparison to positivism, which fostered a scientific methodology to reshape history of arts and literature. Aiming to discover the value and the ideal place of musical oeuvre, some historiographers described the periodization by means of different paradigms and philosophies, drawn from the theory of evolution of Darwin and Spencer, and the positivism of Hyppolite Taine. Some essays, such as "L’evoluzione nella musica" (1898, 1911 enlarged ed.) and the monograph "Riccardo Wagner" (1890), written by Oscar Chilesotti and Luigi Torchi, are examined at the light of those philosophies. I…
Gabriele Buccola-Emil Kraepelin. Carteggio 1881-1885
2012
Il carteggio Buccola-Kraepelin, composto da 41 missive -23 inviate da Emil Kraepelin a Gabriele Buccola e 18 inviate da Buccola a Kraepelin -, consente di ricostruire l'intento legame epistolare intercorso tra i due giovani studiosi negli anni compresi tra il 1881 e il 1885. Risulta evidente l'importanza di tale carteggio inedito che permette non soltanto un'analisi critica della nascita della psicologia come scienza, ma offre al contempo una testimonianza diretta dell'entusiasmo vivo e tenace dei due studiosi verso la nascente disciplina, nonchè una conoscenza dei principali nuclei di ricerca sviluppati all'interno del laboratorio di Wundt a Lipsia, dove Kraepelin si trasferisce nei primi …
Augusto Del Noce e l'eterogenesi dei fini della rivoluzione nel Novecento
2008
This essays aims at studying how Marxism acts within the European scene; there it never succeeds in the direct attainment of power but it spreads on a cultural and social level, as an ideology of materialism and as a criticism to the common religious tradition. According to Augusto Del Noce it is a paradox that the Marxist thought becomes an unconscious ally of the bourgeois spirit whose aim is the spreading of the consumerism logic and of a laicized lifestyle in a society where, during the latter postwar period, the contemporary phenomenon of natural irreligion spreads as exclusion of God from the public and private life. He thinks that a freer and more united society can be created giving…