Search results for "prenatal"

Antibiotic prophylaxis in antenatal nonrefluxing hydronephrosis, megaureter and ureterocele

2012

Observation is a conservative management option in infants with nonrefluxing hydronephrosis, primary nonrefluxing megaureter and ureterocele diagnosed postnatally following antenatal detection of hydronephrosis. Antibiotic prophylaxis might be a sensible regimen under these circumstances to prevent UTI in this population who are potentially at increased risk. However, studies examining the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics are sparse in this setting. For each condition, prophylactic policies seem extremely variable, and UTI rates vary widely with comparable rates reported between patients followed on and off antibiotics. Overall, antibiotic prophylaxis seems unnecessary in patients with …

The appropriate and justified use of medical radiation in cardiovascular imaging: a position document of the ESC Associations of Cardiovascular Imagi…

2014

The benefits of cardiac imaging are immense, and modern medicine requires the extensive and versatile use of a variety of cardiac imaging techniques. Cardiologists are responsible for a large part of the radiation exposures every person gets per year from all medical sources. Therefore, they have a particular responsibility to avoid unjustified and non-optimized use of radiation, but sometimes are imperfectly aware of the radiological dose of the examination they prescribe or practice. This position paper aims to summarize the current knowledge on radiation effective doses (and risks) related to cardiac imaging procedures. We have reviewed the literature on radiation doses, which can range …

Prenatal attachment in women subjected to fetal echocardiography

2012

ackground The experience of fetal echocardiography (as advanced level screening, usually done between 19th and 23rd week of gestation) is a complex psychological condition for mothers. It can influences the relationship they structure with themselves and their future children. Sometimes this examination can result in a diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease. This event could be critical for the psychological representation of the child, made by mother, pushing her to an emotional blockage or hyper involvement (Righetti, Di Bernardo, Maggino, 2008) . In continuity with specific studies on this topic (ibidem), this research study investigates the configuration of prenatal attachment bond…

Effects of prenatal acute stress on the behavioural reactivity in handled and non-handled rat progeny

2003

The effects of prenatal stress are dependent on the intensity and duration of the stress treatment: chronic, uncontrollable stress causes an impairment in the normal adaptive responses to physical and physiological stimuli whereas acute and mild stress facilitates the morphological development of fetal brain neurons. The presents study was designed to investigate whether a single stress exposure during pregnancy may exert a facilitatory effect on the behaviour of the juvenile progeny. The effects of a postnatal handling procedure have been also investigated. One-month prenatally stressed rats (PSR) whose dams had been restrained for 120 minutes at the 16th day of gestation, showed an increa…

Malformations in newborn: results based on 30,940 infants and fetuses from the Mainz congenital birth defect monitoring system (1990-1998).

2002

Prevalence rates of birth defects in the Federal Republic of Germany are informative to assess the general background risk of having a child with a birth defect. They provide basic figures to determine temporal and regional prevalence trends, to evaluate and initiate preventive measures and to initiate research projects. To avoid observer, definition and collection bias, active monitoring systems are required. Data collected in the active monitoring system of the Mainz Birth Defects Registry are presented. From 1990-1998, 30,940 live-births, stillbirths and abortions underwent standardized physical and sonographic examinations. Anamnestic data were collected from prenatal care records, mate…

Maternal adiposity in pregnancy and offspring asthma in adulthood.

2018

High maternal body mass index in pregnancy was associated with an increased prevalence of offspring asthma in men in adult life

Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure increases hospitalizations for bronchiolitis in infants

2015

Background Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) is a worldwide health problem and it is considered a risk factor for pregnant women’s and children’s health, particularly for respiratory morbidity during the first year of life. Few significant birth cohort studies on the effect of prenatal TSE via passive and active maternal smoking on the development of severe bronchiolitis in early childhood have been carried out worldwide. Methods From November 2009 to December 2012, newborns born at ≥33 weeks of gestational age (wGA) were recruited in a longitudinal multi-center cohort study in Italy to investigate the effects of prenatal and postnatal TSE, among other risk factors, on bronchiolitis hospitalizat…

IMPROVEMENT OF MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGIES AND PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS

2008

Smoke exposure as a risk factor for asthma in childhood: A review of current evidence

2014

Asthma is a common chronic multifactorial disease that affects >300 million people worldwide. Outdoor and indoor pollution exposure has been associated with respiratory health effects in adults and children. Smoking still represents a huge public health problem and millions of children suffer the detrimental effects of passive smoke exposure. This study was designed to review the current evidences on exposure to passive smoke as a risk factor for asthma onset in childhood. A review of the most recent studies on this topic was undertaken to provide evidence about the magnitude of the effect of passive smoking on the risk of incidence of asthma in children. The effects of passive smoking are …

Exposure to video display terminals and risk of small-for-gestational-age birth

2010

In this study, the authors analyzed the association between video display terminal (VDT) use before and during the three trimesters of pregnancy and risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth in a case-control study. The cases for this study were 555 women who delivered SGA births. The controls were 1966 women who gave birth at term to healthy infants of normal weight. In terms of the length of exposure, the odds ratios (OR) of SGA birth were 1.2 for less than one hour and 1.3 for between two and 20 hours per week. For higher usage (more than 20 hours per week), the OR was 1.2 (95% CI: [Confidence Interval] 0.9-1.7). The authors conclude that this study does not show any association betw…