Search results for "pret"
showing 10 items of 2250 documents
Integrating Domain Knowledge in Data-Driven Earth Observation With Process Convolutions
2022
The modelling of Earth observation data is a challenging problem, typically approached by either purely mechanistic or purely data-driven methods. Mechanistic models encode the domain knowledge and physical rules governing the system. Such models, however, need the correct specification of all interactions between variables in the problem and the appropriate parameterization is a challenge in itself. On the other hand, machine learning approaches are flexible data-driven tools, able to approximate arbitrarily complex functions, but lack interpretability and struggle when data is scarce or in extrapolation regimes. In this paper, we argue that hybrid learning schemes that combine both approa…
Using the Tsetlin Machine to Learn Human-Interpretable Rules for High-Accuracy Text Categorization With Medical Applications
2019
Medical applications challenge today's text categorization techniques by demanding both high accuracy and ease-of-interpretation. Although deep learning has provided a leap ahead in accuracy, this leap comes at the sacrifice of interpretability. To address this accuracy-interpretability challenge, we here introduce, for the first time, a text categorization approach that leverages the recently introduced Tsetlin Machine. In all brevity, we represent the terms of a text as propositional variables. From these, we capture categories using simple propositional formulae, such as: if "rash" and "reaction" and "penicillin" then Allergy. The Tsetlin Machine learns these formulae from a labelled tex…
On the Convergence of Tsetlin Machines for the IDENTITY- and NOT Operators
2020
The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a recent machine learning algorithm with several distinct properties, such as interpretability, simplicity, and hardware-friendliness. Although numerous empirical evaluations report on its performance, the mathematical analysis of its convergence is still open. In this article, we analyze the convergence of the TM with only one clause involved for classification. More specifically, we examine two basic logical operators, namely, the "IDENTITY"- and "NOT" operators. Our analysis reveals that the TM, with just one clause, can converge correctly to the intended logical operator, learning from training data over an infinite time horizon. Besides, it can capture arbit…
Rule Extraction From Binary Neural Networks With Convolutional Rules for Model Validation.
2020
Classification approaches that allow to extract logical rules such as decision trees are often considered to be more interpretable than neural networks. Also, logical rules are comparatively easy to verify with any possible input. This is an important part in systems that aim to ensure correct operation of a given model. However, for high-dimensional input data such as images, the individual symbols, i.e. pixels, are not easily interpretable. Therefore, rule-based approaches are not typically used for this kind of high-dimensional data. We introduce the concept of first-order convolutional rules, which are logical rules that can be extracted using a convolutional neural network (CNN), and w…
Factors and actors leading to the adoption of a JavaScript framework
2018
The increasing popularity of JavaScript has led to a variety of JavaScript frameworks that aim to help developers to address programming tasks. However, the number of JavaScript frameworks has risen rapidly to thousands of versions. It is challenging for practitioners to identify the frameworks that best fit their needs and to develop new ones which fit such needs. Furthermore, there is a lack of knowledge regarding what drives developers towards the choice. This paper explores the factors and actors that lead to the choice of a JavaScript framework. We conducted a qualitative interpretive study of semi-structured interviews. We interviewed 18 decision makers regarding the JavaScript framew…
Quasi conjunction, quasi disjunction, t-norms and t-conorms: Probabilistic aspects
2013
We make a probabilistic analysis related to some inference rules which play an important role in nonmonotonic reasoning. In a coherence-based setting, we study the extensions of a probability assessment defined on $n$ conditional events to their quasi conjunction, and by exploiting duality, to their quasi disjunction. The lower and upper bounds coincide with some well known t-norms and t-conorms: minimum, product, Lukasiewicz, and Hamacher t-norms and their dual t-conorms. On this basis we obtain Quasi And and Quasi Or rules. These are rules for which any finite family of conditional events p-entails the associated quasi conjunction and quasi disjunction. We examine some cases of logical de…
Applications of sinusoidal phase modulation in temporal optics to highlight some properties of the Fourier transform
2019
International audience; Fourier analysis plays a major role in the analysis and understanding of many phenomena in physics and contemporary engineering. However, students, who have often discovered this notion through numerical tools, do not necessarily understand all the richness that can be derived from joint analysis in the temporal and spectral domains, particularly in the field of optics. As part of the second year of the Master's degree in Physics Lasers and Materials at the University of Burgundy, we have set up a set of experiments to highlight these concepts and to show, on a non-trivial example of periodic phase modulation, the precautions to be taken in the interpretation of the …
Automatable sample fabrication process for pump-probe X-ray holographic imaging
2014
Soft X-ray holography is a recently developed imaging technique with sub-50 nm spatial resolution. Key advantages of this technique are magnetic and elemental sensitivity, compatibility with imaging at free electron laser facilities, and immunity to in-situ sample excitations and sample drift, which enables the reliable detection of relative changes between two images with a precision of a few nanometers. In X-ray holography, the main part of the experimental setup is integrated in the sample, which consequently requires a large number of fabrication steps. Here we present a generic design and an automatable fabrication process for samples suitable, and optimized for, efficient high resolut…
Reklāma sociālajā tiklā “Facebook”: auditorijas perspektīva
2020
Bakalaura darbs “Reklāma sociālajā tīklā “Facebook": auditorijas perspektīva” ir izstrādāts ar mērķi uzzināt, kā reklāmdevēji skatās uz “Facebook” auditoriju, kā auditorija lieto sociālo tīklu “Facebook”, kāda ir tās attieksme pret reklāmu tajā, kādi ir izvairīšanās no reklāmas iemesli un kā to samazināt. Darba teorētiskā bāze ir lietojum un apmierinājuma teorija, psiholoģiskās pretestības teorija, ka arī teorija par mediju auditoriju, attieksmi un ieskats akadēmiskajā literatūrā par izvairīšanās no reklāmas fenomenu. Pētījuma daļā tika izmantotas divas metodes: daļēji strukturētas intervijas un aptauja. Tika veiktas divas intervijas ar reklāmas speciālistiem un 124 respondentu atbildes.
Falacias sobre el valor p compartidas por profesores y estudiantes universitarios
2017
Resumen La “Práctica Basada en la Evidencia” exige que los profesionales valoren de forma crítica los resultados de las investigaciones psicológicas. Sin embargo, las interpretaciones incorrectas de los valores p de probabilidad son abundantes y repetitivas. Estas interpretaciones incorrectas afectan a las decisiones profesionales y ponen en riesgo la calidad de las intervenciones y la acumulación de un conocimiento científico válido. Identificar el tipo de falacia que subyace a las decisiones estadísticas es fundamental para abordar y planificar estrategias de educación estadística dirigidas a intervenir sobre las interpretaciones incorrectas. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este estudio e…