Search results for "prisoner"
showing 10 items of 54 documents
A saturated strategy robustly ensures stability of the cooperative equilibrium for Prisoner's dilemma
2016
We study diffusion of cooperation in a two-population game in continuous time. At each instant, the game involves two random individuals, one from each population. The game has the structure of a Prisoner's dilemma where each player can choose either to cooperate (c) or to defect (d), and is reframed within the field of approachability in two-player repeated game with vector payoffs. We turn the game into a dynamical system, which is positive, and propose a saturated strategy that ensures local asymptotic stability of the equilibrium (c, c) for any possible choice of the payoff matrix. We show that there exists a rectangle, in the space of payoffs, which is positively invariant for the syst…
REPEATED GAMES WITH PROBABILISTIC HORIZON
2005
Repeated games with probabilistic horizon are defined as those games where players have a common probability structure over the length of the game's repetition, T. In particular, for each t, they assign a probability pt to the event that "the game ends in period t". In this framework we analyze Generalized Prisoners' Dilemma games in both finite stage and differentiable stage games. Our construction shows that it is possible to reach cooperative equilibria under some conditions on the distribution of the discrete random variable T even if the expected length of the game is finite. More precisely, we completely characterize the existence of sub-game perfect cooperative equilibria in finite s…
Building emotional agents for strategic decision making
2015
Experimental economics has many works that demonstrate the influence of emotions and affective issues on the process of human strategic decision making. Personality, emotions and mood produce biases on what would be considered the strategic solution (Nash equilibrium) to many games. %CAMBIO% Thus considering these issues on simulations of human behavior may produce results more aligned with real situations. We think that computational agents are a suitable %CAMBIO% technology to simulate such phenomena. We propose to use O3A, an Open Affective Agent Architecture to model rational and affective agents, in order to perform simulations where agents must take decisions as close as possible to h…
Religion, Empathy, and Cooperation: A Case Study in the Promises and Challenges of Modeling and Simulation
2019
The Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) is developing a sophisticated naturalistic account of religion, grounded in empirical research. However, there are limitations to establishing an empirical basis for theories about religion’s role in human evolution. Computer modeling and simulation offers a way to address this experimental constraint. A case study in this approach was conducted on a key theory within CSR that recently has come under serious challenge: the Supernatural Punishment Hypothesis, which posits religion facilitated the shift from small, homogeneous social units to large, complex societies. It has been proposed that incorporating empathy as a proximate mechanism for cooperati…
Indoctrinated, but not Incurable? Klaus Mann's Interrogation of German Prisoners of War in 1944
2011
It has been stated that ‘die personlichen Erfahrungen […] mit deutschen Kriegsgefangenen zu Ende des Krieges’ led to disillusion and disappointment among the German exiles who fought in the war against Hitler.1 This disappointment manifested itself in the many conflicts between former exiles on the one hand and representatives of the governments of their host nations as well as fellow Germans on the other. Like Stefan Heym, Hans Habe and others, the writer in exile Klaus Mann felt obliged to devote himself to the war against National Socialism, not only in his works, but also as a man of action. As a member of the Psychological Warfare Branch of the Fifth Army he worked in a propaganda unit…
Remembering and Forgetting, Discovering and Cherishing
2018
The events of the Second World War left considerable material remains in Finnish Lapland, ranging from the remnants of structures that were destroyed in the 1944–45 Lapland War, through to small, portable objects connected to soldiers, prisoners of war and civilians. These material remains have variously been saved and cherished by survivors and their families, disregarded as ‘war junk’, ‘discovered’ by hobbyists exploring the landscape, amassed and exchanged by private collectors, and accessioned into official museum collections. These various processes represent transformations of material culture to take on various meanings and embodiments, depending on the different individuals and orga…
The UN in the Lab
2013
We consider two alternatives to inaction for governments combating terrorism, which we term Deterrence and Prevention. Deterrence – investing in resources that reduce the impact of an attack – generates a negative externality to other governments, making their countries a more attractive objective for terrorists, while Prevention – investing in resources that reduce the ability of the terrorist organization to mount an attack – creates a positive externality by reducing the overall threat of terrorism for all. Due to the structure of this interaction, countries can benefit from coordination of policy choices, and international institutions (such as the UN) can be utilized to facilitate coor…
From ‘Prisoner's Dilemma’ to Reluctance to Use Judicial Discretion: The Enemies of Cooperation in European Cross-Border Cases
2017
This article will focus on Articles 41–44 of the Recast European Insolvency Regulation (Regulation 2015/848) and the dynamic of cooperation and communication between courts and insolvency practitioners. Two main ideas will be maintained. The first is that cooperation requires a legal framework which is certain—otherwise, prescriptions imposing duties of cooperation and communication might produce ‘prisoner's dilemmas’ and, paradoxically, unwillingness to cooperate. The second idea is that prescriptions imposing duties of cooperation and communication have an intrinsic open texture—this characteristic ontologically requires courts and insolvency practitioners to make choices between differen…
The forager's dilemma: food sharing and food defense as risk-sensitive foraging options.
2003
Although many variants of the hawk-dove game predict the frequency at which group foraging animals should compete aggressively, none of them can explain why a large number of group foraging animals share food clumps without any overt aggression. One reason for this shortcoming is that hawk-dove games typically consider only a single contest, while most group foraging situations involve opponents that interact repeatedly over discovered food clumps. The present iterated hawk-dove game predicts that in situations that are analogous to a prisoner's dilemma, animals should share the resources without aggression, provided that the number of simultaneously available food clumps is sufficiently la…
Fragilità e situazioni carcerarie tra circuiti, sezioni protette e diritti negati
2023
Uno sguardo alle funzioni del carcere attraverso la lente della fragilità consente di mettere in luce i limiti dell’attuale sistema penitenziario invitando l’interprete a riflettere su possibili soluzioni per contenerne i noti effetti negativi. L’organizzazione degli spazi, tra circuiti, sezioni e regimi, è espressione di come negli anni sia prevalsa la preoccupazione per la sicurezza, finendo, questa, per assorbire la rieducazione e la tutela di tanti diritti dei detenuti. A look at the functions of the prison through the lens of fragility allows us to highlight the limits of the current penitentiary system, inviting the interpreter to reflect on possible solutions to contain its known neg…