Search results for "privat"

Wage Structure and Labor Mobility in Norway 1980-1997

2007

To what extent do different firms follow different wage policies? How do such policies affect worker mobility between firms, and what are the effects of different wage bargaining regimes? The empirical branch of personnel economics has long been hampered by a lack of representative data sets. Norway is one of a handful of countries that has produced rich linked employer-employee data suitable for such analysis. This paper has three parts. First, we describe the wage setting and employment protection institutions in Norway. Next, we describe the Norwegian data sets. Finally, we document a large number of stylized facts regarding wage structure and labor mobility within and between Norwegian …

プラットフォーム・エコノミーにおける 弱者保護

2020

はじめに 一 プラットフォーム・エコノミーにおけるバーゲニングパワー (1) 能力向上プロセスの評価:インターネットの台頭から P2P 取引へ (2) プラットフォーム・エコノミーにおいて弱者は存在するか? 二 ピア・ツー・ピア・エコノミーのための法的枠組 (1) 標準約款契約についての調査 (2) プラットフォームとその利用者 (3) ピア・ツー・ピア取引 結語-プラットフォーム・エコノミーの弱者を如何に保護するか (Japanese) Known by many names – platform, sharing, peer-to-peer (p2p), collaborative economy, and so on - entirely new business models have emerged in recent years, whereby online platforms use digital technologies to connect distinct groups of users in order to facilitate transactions for the exchange of assets and services. This dramatic shift in business organisation and market structure has opened an intense debate on the persisting need for those regulatory measures that typica…

The public–private sector wage gap in Latvia

2018

This study investigates the public-private sector wage gap in Latvia using microdata from the labour force survey. The severity of public sector wage cuts employed as a response to the economic crisis and subsequent recovery provides a test bed to analyse whether and how the public-private sector wage gap has adjusted after consolidation-driven wage cuts. Findings reveal that the observed wage gap is slightly in favour of the public sector; however, once differences in individual characteristics and selection effects are considered, results point to a private sector wage premium. Findings also suggest that the private sector wage premium has increased since the pre-crisis period. A signific…

Private Pension Funds

2021

The sociodemographic situation in CEE, characterized by the reduction of birth rate and increased share of elderly, draws attention to national social protection systems and in particular to public pension systems. The direct link between the labor market and public pension systems, based on the principle of social solidarity between generations, runs the risk of diminishing budgetary resources obtained from social contributions, while spending on benefits will increase, due to a higher number of beneficiaries, as well as due to the increase in life expectancy, which will determine that the period for which the benefits will be provided will be longer.

Land Law in the Eritrean State

2022

Land tenure is a fundamental and – at the same time – very sensitive issue in Africa. This is a common denominator in almost every part of the continent, and Eritrea is not an exception in this regard. The paper illustrates the development of land law in post-independence Eritrea, from the beginning of the development of the Eritrean legal system to the newly issued (but not yet in force) Civil Code. While illustrating the different developments of land tenure in Eritrea, the paper intends to show how traditional law continues to be the reference point for Eritreans with reference to land management, despite any legislative attempt to set it aside.

Catacomba di Villagrazia di Carini. Il cubicolo X20. Ricerche 2008-2013

2014

Il X20 è uno dei cubicoli più rilevanti della galleria X. Consiste in una camera funeraria quadrangolare di m 8 (E-O) x 5 (N-S), preceduta da un dromos quadrato di m 1,80 x 1,80 e derivata da un preesistente arcosolio bisomo. La camera accoglie in tutto ventinove sepolture: dodici arcosoli sia per adulti che per bambini, una tomba a nicchia, due tombe a cassa e quattordici formae. I dati archeologici e gli esiti dell’analisi strutturale hanno permesso di accertare che l’attuale aspetto del cubicolo è il risultato di quattro fasi costruttive. Nella prima fase (IV.a) l’ambiente è a pianta quadrata (m 3,56 x 3,56), con arcosoli per bambini nel dromos e sulla parete nord; una decorazione ad aff…

ESTIMATION OF THE PRIVATE AND SOCIAL RATE OF RETURN FROM EDUCATION IN LATVIA

2014

IZGLĪTĪBAS PRIVĀTĀS UN SOCIĀLĀS ATDEVES NOVĒRTĒJUMS LATVIJĀ Anotācija Promocijas darba mērķis ir novērtēt izglītības ietekmi uz darba samaksu un darba produktivitāti indivīda un sabiedrības līmenī Latvijā, kā arī izstrādāt priekšlikumus izglītības nozīmes paaugstināšanai un atdeves novērtējuma lietošanai. Lai novērtētu izglītības privāto atdevi, tiek izmantota Mincera ienākumu funkcija, kā arī profesora E. de la Fuentes metodoloģija. Novērtējot sociālo atdevi, autore aprēķināja vīriešu un sieviešu (ar augstāko izglītību) cilvēkkapitālu laika posmā no 2000. līdz 2010. gadam un iegūtos rezultātus lietoja ražošanas funkcijā, aprēķinot izglītības ietekmi uz darba produktivitāti. Autore aprēķinā…

Laulības noslēgšana un šķiršana: diplomdarbs

1931

Sharing economy e modelli di organizzazione

2015

Nel 2014 il Comitato Economico e Sociale Europeo ha pubblicato un Parere sull’impatto delle pratiche riconducibili alla “maniera tradizionale di condividere, scambiare, prestare, affittare e regalare (…) ridefinite attraverso la tecnologia moderna e le comunità”. Il riferimento è alle attività – solitamente accomunate sotto l’etichetta di sharing economy – di baratto (swap), banche del tempo, valute virtuali, scambio di attrezzi, di terreni, condivisione di giochi, uffici, co-housing, co-working, couchsurfing, car sharing, crowdfunding, bike sharing, noleggio p2p, car pooling. Il documento arriva a preconizzare che la loro diffusione determinerà la “trasformazione concettuale del lavoro” e …

Unjust enrichment e restitution nel quadro delle fonti obbligatorie inglesi

2020

Il lavoro, muovendo dall’intento di trovare il filo conduttore del «law of obligations» inglese ed in particolare delle sue fonti, si occupa dell’evoluzione storica della terza fonte, che si affianca a tort e contract. Essa è stata variamente denominata nel tempo: per un lungo periodo si è utilizzata l’espressione mutuata dalle fonti romane «quasi contract». Solo nel terzo decennio inoltrato del ventesimo secolo, e per merito della dottrina statunitense e dell’omonimo Restatement, si iniziò a parlare di «restitution». Il termine, riferito genericamente alle retrocessioni di ricchezze trasferite in presenza di «unjust factors», iniziò a divenire familiare, anche in giurisprudenza, grazie all…