Search results for "private"

Upgrading cultural infrastructures: Notes on the strategy concerning variable message signs on the European scene

2011

This paper presents the general strategy concerning Variable Message Sign harmonization in Europe represented by the work of the Expert and Study Group 4-Mare Nostrum (ESG4) within the EasyWay program. Co-funded by the European Commission and participated by 22 European Member States, EasyWay focuses on ITS implementation integrating stakeholders from the public and private sector. The paper shows some empirical data to illustrate the slow but careful, integral approach followed by ESG4 in order to issue specific recommendations concerning Variable Message Signs design and use in Europe.

Reciproques Testament des Mitauschen Verlagsbuchhändlers, erblichen Ehrenbürgers und Rittmeisters der Bürgergarde Gustav Adolph Reyher und seiner Ehe…

1882

Pesca nelle acque di Paesi terzi e attività “internazionali” di soggetti privati: il caso del Distretto della Pesca e Crescita Blu

2022

Lo scritto affronta il tema della compatibilità dell’attività di cooperazione internazionale portata avanti da soggetti privati, come ad esempio il Distretto della Pesca e Crescita Blu di Mazara del Vallo, con il quadro normativo eurounitario in tema di accordi di pesca con Paesi terzi, prospettando anche un ruolo di garanzia da parte della Regione siciliana, il cui Statuto attribuisce all’amministrazione regionale competenza esclusiva in materia di pesca. The essay addresses the issue of compatibility of international cooperation activities carried out by private entities, such as the District of Fishing and Blue Growth of Mazara del Vallo, with the Community regulatory framework on fishin…

The path to privatization of EU antitrust enforcement: a critical estimate

2011

Expansion of private secondary education : lessons from recent experience in Tanzania

2000

International audience; The private sector's role in education has been the subject of much analysis and policy debate in recent years. In developing countries, public resources for education are limited and governments have traditionnally relied on private education, particularly at the post-basic levels, to meet the excess demand for education. Even when excess demand is not a major issue, advocates of private education note that private schools can be more efficient than their public sector counterparts, delivering more value in terms of student achievement per investment of resources. In this article we explore Tanzania's experience with private education during the early 1990s, a perio…

Report on Italy

2019

The right to take part personally in criminal proceedings, although not expressly provided at a Constitutional level, is an expression of the principle of a fair trial upheld by Article 6 of the ECHR and translated into Article 111 of the Italian Constitution. In the course of years, the CCP, also following some condemnations by the Strasbourg Court, underwent several modifications aimed at implementing principles and conditions affirmed by the ECHR that can legitimate proceedings in absentia of a defendant. This study is structured into different parts. In the first, an analysis of national rules concerning the participation of a defendant and other private parties at each stage of proceed…

A cost and performance comparison of Public Private Partnership and public hospitals in Spain

2016

Public-private partnership (PPP) initiatives are extending around the world, especially in Europe, as an innovation to traditional public health systems, with the intention of making them more efficient. There is a varied range of PPP models with different degrees of responsibility from simple public sector contracts with the private, up to the complete privatisation of the service. As such, we may say the involvement of the private sector embraces the development, financing and provision of public infrastructures and delivery services. In this paper, one of the oldest PPP initiatives developed in Spain and transferred to other European and Latin American countries is evaluated for first ti…

Optimal lending contracts

2016

This paper deals with financial contracting between a lender and a borrower with a project to finance. The borrower is protected by limited liability. We consider that the revenue from the project is observable and verifiable but its distribution is influenced by both the borrower’s choice of action and the project’s quality, which are private information. We find that debt contracts are endogenously optimal, as under moral hazard alone. Moreover, while moral hazard leads to credit rationing for the lowest-quality projects only, adding adverse selection creates a bang-bang result: either all projects or none are credit rationed.

Evaluation of investment subsidies: when is deadweight zero?

2008

In the evaluation of investment subsidies one of the critical issues concerns the assessment of deadweight, that is, the degree to which projects would have been carried out without grant assistance. With the increasing restrictions on and cuts in subsidies for investment projects in the EU countries maximisation of the impact of the public resources that remain can be achieved through their allocation for projects with minimum deadweight. This paper studies the profile of subsidised zero deadweight investment projects – projects that would be abandoned without public subsidies – in Finland. The empirical analysis is conducted using micro level data on investment projects by private sector …

Investor protection and business creation

2003

We study the effects of investor protection on the availability of external finance, entrepreneurship, and creation of new firms in an equilibrium search model of private capital markets. In addition to search frictions, we examine contract frictions, specifically interim and ex post moral hazard problems stemming from entrepreneurs’ possibilities to expropriate financiers. In our model, the government chooses the level of investor protection that determines the transferability of match surplus between entrepreneurs and financiers. The results indicate that anything that increases (decreases) entrepreneurship also increases (decreases) the creation of start-ups. The effect of investor prote…