Search results for "probability"

showing 10 items of 3417 documents

Le débat macroévolutif : apports de la disparité morphologique

2003

Resume La theorie macroevolutive est abordee sous des aspects historiques, puis sous un de ses aspects plus novateurs, qui aboutit a l’elaboration d’un programme de recherche initie par differentes equipes depuis une dizaine d’annees : il consiste a decoupler les composantes taxinomiques (diversite) et morphologiques (disparite) de la biodiversite, lors de l’etude de ses fluctuations. Plusieurs etudes suggerent des decouplages temporels frequents entre ces deux metriques au cours de l’histoire des clades. La confrontation des deux apparait comme une demarche feconde qui a permis d’explorer en termes de patterns , mais egalement de processus, les fluctuations de la biodiversite a large echel…

GeographyGeneral EngineeringDecoupling (probability)HumanitiesComptes Rendus Palevol
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A flux retrieval error behavior with CERES/TRMM data

2003

With the aid of CERES/TRMM (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System/Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) data, sampling problems that may impact the construction of anisotropic models have been investigated. We show the influence of the sun-orbit geometry, which causes a lack of measurements in forward and backward scattering directions at large viewing zenith angles, and how cloud properties retrieval algorithms as obtained from the Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) also affect sampling. We have also focused our attention on the dependency of the cloud cover retrieval algorithm with respect to the viewing zenith angle (VZA), showing that the shape of the cloud cover probability density …

GeographyMeteorologybusiness.industryCloud coverFluxSampling (statistics)Radiant energyProbability density functionCloud computingOrbital mechanicsbusinessZenithRemote sensingRemote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere VII
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Nonparticipation Selection Bias in the MOBI-Kids Study.

2018

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

GerontologyMaleAdolescentCellular telephone useEpidemiologyCase–control studymedia_common.quotation_subjectEpidemiologic methodsAdolescents01 natural sciencesBrain tumorsBrain cancer010104 statistics & probability03 medical and health sciencesYoung Adult0302 clinical medicineElectromagnetic FieldsAge groupsBiasJapanRisk FactorsGermanySurveys and QuestionnairesPerinatal and Child HealthOdds RatioHumans030212 general & internal medicine0101 mathematicsIsraelChildChildrenmedia_commonSelection biasSelection biasBrain NeoplasmsCase-control studyItalySpainCase-Control StudiesComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSINGFemaleFrancePsychologyCell PhoneEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
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Spatial analysis of the relationship between mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and drinking water hardness

2004

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives. Previously published scientific papers have reported a negative correlation between drinking water hardness and cardiovascular mortality. Some ecologic and case-control studies suggest the protective effect of calcium and magnesium concentration in drinking water. In this article we present an analysis of this protective relationship in 538 municipalities of Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) from 1991-1998. We used the Spanish version of the Rapid Inquiry Facility (RIF) developed under the European Environment and Health Information System (EUROHEIS) research project. The strateg…

GerontologyMaleMini-Monograph: Information SystemsHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisWater supply:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged [Medical Subject Headings]Disease:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Sanitation::Sanitary Engineering::Water Supply [Medical Subject Headings]Magnesio:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]PreescolarMediana EdadReference ValuesExposición a Riesgos AmbientalesMedicineCluster AnalysisMagnesiumMasculinoChildEnfermedades Cardiovascularesgeographic information systems:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Child::Child Preschool [Medical Subject Headings]:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Weights and Measures::Reference Values [Medical Subject Headings]AdultoAguaEpidemiologic SurveillanceEnvironmental exposureMiddle AgedHumanos:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure [Medical Subject Headings]Abastecimiento de aguarelative risk:Information Science::Information Science::Information Storage and Retrieval::Databases as Topic::Databases Factual::Geographic Information Systems [Medical Subject Headings]Cardiovascular DiseasesNiñoChild Preschool:Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Central Nervous System Diseases::Brain Diseases::Cerebrovascular Disorders [Medical Subject Headings]Female:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant [Medical Subject Headings]Risk assessmentAdulthierarchical spatial modelsAdolescentAncianoSistemas de Información Geográfica:Check Tags::Male [Medical Subject Headings]:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Cluster Analysis [Medical Subject Headings]:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant Newborn [Medical Subject Headings]Risk AssessmentCalcioWater Supply:Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Metals::Metals Alkaline Earth::Calcium [Medical Subject Headings]Environmental health:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Metals::Metals Light::Magnesium [Medical Subject Headings]Humans:Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Hydroxides::Water [Medical Subject Headings]:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Aged [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases [Medical Subject Headings]Socioeconomic status:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Child [Medical Subject Headings]Agedbusiness.industry:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk Assessment [Medical Subject Headings]Public Health Environmental and Occupational HealthInfant NewbornInfantWaterLactanteEnvironmental ExposureValores de ReferenciaAnálisis por ConglomeradosEstudios Epidemiológicosenvironmental epidemiologyCerebrovascular DisordersEpidemiologic StudiesTrastornos Cerebrovasculares:Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings]Relative riskspatial smoothingCalciumbusinessMedición de Riesgo:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies [Medical Subject Headings]Environmental epidemiology
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Recommendations for and warnings against physical activity given to older people by health care professionals.

2005

Abstract Background Little is known about how health care professionals advice older people with chronic conditions about physical exercise. This study investigated exercise counseling in the context of health care as perceived by older people, and factors associated with perceived advice. Design and methods Participants were 580 non-institutional 73- to 92-year-old people who reported at least one contact with health care during the previous 12 months. Results Of all the participants, 23% recalled solely recommendations to exercise, and 9% solely warnings against exercise. Additionally, 34% recalled receiving both recommendations for and warnings against physical activity, and 34% did not …

GerontologyMalemedicine.medical_specialtyAgingHealth Planning GuidelinesEpidemiologyHealth PersonnelPhysical activityPhysical exerciseContext (language use)Risk AssessmentSensitivity and SpecificitySurveys and QuestionnairesHealth careConfidence IntervalsOdds RatioMedicineHumansExerciseGeriatric AssessmentHealth EducationFinlandExercise counselingAgedProbabilityAged 80 and overPhysician-Patient RelationsRecallbusiness.industryPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthImpaired mobilityCross-Sectional StudiesSocioeconomic FactorsPhysical FitnessPhysical therapyQuality of LifeEducational StatusPatient ComplianceFemalebusinessOlder peopleNurse-Patient RelationsPreventive medicine
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Handgrip strength and health outcomes: Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies

2020

Highlights • We carried out an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies on handgrip strength and all health outcomes. • Three outcomes (lower all-cause mortality, lower cardiovascular mortality, and lower risk of disability) were found to have highly suggestive evidence. • One outcome (chair rise performance over time) was found to have suggestive evidence. • Five outcomes (walking speed, inability to balance, hospital admissions, cardiac death, and mortality in those with chronic kidney disease) were found to have weak evidence.

GerontologyUmbrella review.*Meta-analysisHealth Status*Handgrip strengthReview0302 clinical medicineCause of DeathCredibilityMedicineOrthopedics and Sports Medicine030212 general & internal medicinePostural BalanceAged 80 and overHand StrengthHospitalizationObservational Studies as TopicSystematic reviewCardiovascular DiseasesMeta-analysis*Umbrella reviewRC1200-1245LocomotionSportsRiskHealth outcomePhysical Therapy Sports Therapy and RehabilitationHealth outcomesHandgrip strength03 medical and health sciencesStrength of evidenceUmbrella reviewBiasMeta-Analysis as TopicIntervention (counseling)HumansMeta-analysiRenal Insufficiency ChronicCardiovascular mortalityAgedProbabilitybusiness.industry030229 sport sciencesHealth outcomes*Health outcomesWalking SpeedMeta-analysisSample SizeGV557-1198.995Sports medicineObservational studybusinessSystematic Reviews as Topic
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Impact of missing data mechanism on the estimate of change: a case study on cognitive function and polypharmacy among older persons

2015

Piia Lavikainen,1,2 Esko Leskinen,3 Sirpa Hartikainen,1,2 Jyrki Möttönen,4 Raimo Sulkava,5 Maarit J Korhonen6 1Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; 2School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; 3Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; 4Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 5Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; 6Department of Pharmacology, D…

GerontologyattritionlongitudinalEpidemiology01 natural sciences010104 statistics & probability0504 sociologynumber of drugsMedicineClinical EpidemiologyAttrition0101 mathematicsCognitive declineLatent variable modelOriginal ResearchPolypharmacyta112Mini–Mental State Examinationmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryMechanism (biology)05 social sciences050401 social sciences methodsCognitionta3142medicine.diseaseMissing dataData science3. Good healthlatent variable modelingolder personsMini-Mental State Examinationbusiness
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Exact simulation of first exit times for one-dimensional diffusion processes

2019

International audience; The simulation of exit times for diffusion processes is a challenging task since it concerns many applications in different fields like mathematical finance, neuroscience, reliability horizontal ellipsis The usual procedure is to use discretization schemes which unfortunately introduce some error in the target distribution. Our aim is to present a new algorithm which simulates exactly the exit time for one-dimensional diffusions. This acceptance-rejection algorithm requires to simulate exactly the exit time of the Brownian motion on one side and the Brownian position at a given time, constrained not to have exit before, on the other side. Crucial tools in this study …

Girsanov theoremand phrases: Exit timeDiscretizationsecondary: 65N75Exit time Brownian motion diffusion processes Girsanov’s transformation rejection sampling exact simulation randomized algorithm conditioned Brownian motion.MSC 65C05 65N75 60G40Exit time01 natural sciencesGirsanov’s transformationrandomized algorithm010104 statistics & probabilityrejection samplingGirsanov's transformationexact simulationFOS: MathematicsApplied mathematicsMathematics - Numerical Analysis0101 mathematicsConvergent seriesBrownian motion60G40MathematicsNumerical AnalysisApplied MathematicsMathematical financeRejection samplingProbability (math.PR)diffusion processesNumerical Analysis (math.NA)conditioned Brownian motionRandomized algorithm010101 applied mathematics[MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR]Computational MathematicsModeling and Simulationconditioned Brownian motion 2010 AMS subject classifications: primary 65C05Brownian motionRandom variableMathematics - ProbabilityAnalysis[MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
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Has the Northern Hemisphere been warming or cooling during the boreal winter of the last few decades?

2013

Abstract The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported a significant rise of the global mean surface temperature over the last 100 years, with a rate of warming over the last few decades almost double that over the last 100 years. The rate of warming is higher at land surfaces over the Northern Hemisphere (NH), and particularly extreme warming is occurring over the Arctic. In spite of the global warming trend, some asymmetries have been observed. In a recent study, a widespread cooling over the NH during the boreal winter season was reported, although other previous studies observed a warming during this season. In this paper we report trends in winter air temperatures over …

Global and Planetary Change010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesGlobal warmingNorthern HemisphereClimate changeOceanographyAtmospheric sciences01 natural sciencesThe arctic010104 statistics & probabilityArctic oscillationBoreal13. Climate actionClimatologyPeriod (geology)Environmental science0101 mathematicsWinter season0105 earth and related environmental sciencesGlobal and Planetary Change
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The Local versus Global Dilemma of the Effects of Structural Funds

2011

This paper extends the analysis by Dall'erba and Le Gallo dealing with the impact of structural funds on the growth process of European regions. Like most of the other 18 contributions assessing the efficiency of structural funds, our article was based on a global model of b-convergence: one coefficient pertaining to the structural funds variable was estimated for the whole sample. In this paper, we extend this approach by performing local estimations, where one coefficient is estimated for each region, so that the impact of structural funds can be regionally differentiated. As in the previous contribution, the presence of spatial spillover effects is taken into account using spatial econom…

Global and Planetary ChangePublic economicsProcess (engineering)Bayesian probabilitySample (statistics)Global modelDilemmaVariable (computer science)Spatial spilloverEconometricsEconomicsmedia_common.cataloged_instanceEuropean unionmedia_commonGrowth and Change
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