Search results for "property."
showing 10 items of 926 documents
Parenthood and gender inequality : Population-based evidence on the child penalty in Finland
2019
This study presents evidence on the effect of parenthood on labor market outcomes in Finland. We use population-based data drawn from administrative registers and an event study design centered around the birth of the first child using the specification proposed in Kleven et al. (2019b). The study confirms that women encounter large short- and long-term child penalties in gross labor earnings and that penalties are associated with employment participation. Taxes and social security transfers considerably reduce the child penalty, which also varies by the number of children. peerReviewed
Sentience and the Origins of Consciousness: From Cartesian Duality to Markovian Monism
2020
This essay addresses Cartesian duality and how its implicit dialectic might be repaired using physics and information theory. Our agenda is to describe a key distinction in the physical sciences that may provide a foundation for the distinction between mind and matter, and between sentient and intentional systems. From this perspective, it becomes tenable to talk about the physics of sentience and &lsquo
Intellectual property strategies and firm growth : evidence from Finnish small business data
2012
The goal of this study is to shed light on the relationship between intellectual property (IP) strategies and firm growth. In brief, IP strategies are means of capturing returns on innovation investments. Employment effects and sales growth effects of innovations have been studied extensively in both theoretical and empirical economic literature but prior research has seldom included IP strategies into the analysis. There is little knowledge, whether there exists growth rate differences among firms that use different IP strategies and do patenting firms effectively demonstrate stronger growth than their non-patenting counterparts. Present study considers IP strategies as potential firm grow…
Quantitative Runge Approximation and Inverse Problems
2017
In this short note we provide a quantitative version of the classical Runge approximation property for second order elliptic operators. This relies on quantitative unique continuation results and duality arguments. We show that these estimates are essentially optimal. As a model application we provide a new proof of the result from \cite{F07}, \cite{AK12} on stability for the Calder\'on problem with local data.
Cognitive Mimetics for AI Ethics : Tacit Knowledge, Action Ontologies and Problem Restructuring
2020
Ethics and ethical information processing are an important problem for AI development. It is important for self-evident reasons, but also challenging in its’ implications and should be welcomed by designers and developers as an interesting technical challenge. This article explores AI ethics as a design problem and lays out how cognitive mimetics could be used a method for its design. AI ethics is conceptualized as a problem of implementation on the one hand, and as a problem of ethical contents on the other. From the viewpoint of human information processing, ethics becomes a special case of ethical information processing - one that has deep implications in terms of AI abilities and inform…
Identity and Agency Development in a CLIL-based Teacher Education Program
2020
A consensus exists in applied linguistics that agency and identity are key concepts in understanding teacher development. Although a large body of research has focused on studying language teacher and learner identity and agency separately, less attention has been paid to the relationship of these concepts in individual development. In this contribution, we use an ecological perspective to explore and illustrate the interplay between and development of agency and identity. The participants in the study were primary school teacher students specializing in foreign language pedagogy for younger learners and studying in a CLIL-based teacher education program. The qualitative data were collected…
Owning lands, seas, and the internet of things. From the tragedies of the commons to the tragedies of the anti-commons
2022
This monographic section offers readers the possibility to critically reflect – from a legal, anthropological, philosophical, and economic point of view – on the diversity of existing forms of property, with particular attention to the commons.
Santé et biens communs : un regard de juriste
2007
La santé constitue un domaine dans lequel les notions de bien commun ou de bien public mondial sont particulièrement pertinentes. Il faut cependant préciser de quels biens il est question. A titre d’exemple, le droit français comporte des notions susceptibles de qualifier le droit aux soins (comme droit inaliénable), ou le médicament, objet de propriété intellectuelle comme de propriété « traditionnelle ». Un droit international des biens de santé peut de la même manière être fondé sur un droit d’usage de chacun sur la molécule qui est la même dans le médicament générique et celui de marque. Une procédure d’accès équivalent aux produits, brevetés ou non, pourrait être mise en œuvre par prin…
A NEW TOOL FOR THE STUDY OF RESONANCE IN CHEMICAL EDUCATION
2014
The objective of this study is to present a computer-based project, for which our program POLAR and our version of PAPID were written for the study of the subject of resonance in chemistry. Both algorithms allow a better didactic strategy and methodological adaptation for the study of molecular properties in chemical education. Teachers will find the options of POLAR and PAPID useful for demonstrations. It is still to be explored the methodological application of these computational programs enriching the present teaching techniques. Implementing new algorithms in learning situations is technically simple, but checking their usefulness in teaching practice is extraordinarily complex and req…
EU Cultural Security Law in an Educational Context
2021
Cultural security is a comprehensive notion that has gained much attention in the recent cultural heritage debates. In terms of the EU, it encapsulates cultural heritage destruction and protection in armed conflicts, post-war cultural heritage management, restitution, illicit traffic of cultural property, cultural diversity, and intercultural dialogue. The article aims to present how cultural security matters appear in the EU legal system and policy. The authors argue that cultural security is present in different policies regarding cultural property and the fight against illicit trafficking, as well as in EU external cultural relations. Digitization in the cultural sector constitutes a cha…