Search results for "protocols"
showing 10 items of 782 documents
Towards precision oncology for HER2 blockade in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma
2019
Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) represents a very heterogeneous disease and patients in advanced stages have a very poor prognosis. Although several molecular classifications have been proposed, precision medicine for HER2-amplified GEA patients still represents a challenge. Despite improvement in clinical outcomes obtained by adding trastuzumab to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, no other anti-HER2 agents used first-line or beyond progression have demonstrated any benefit. Several factors contribute to this failure. Among them, variable HER2 amplification assessment, tumour heterogeneity, molecular mechanisms of resistance and microenvironmental factors could limit the effecti…
Systematic review and meta-analysis on targeted therapy in advanced pancreatic cancer
2015
Abstract Aim A systematic review and meta-analysis from literature has been performed to assess the impact of targeted therapy in advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods By searching different literature databases and major cancer meetings proceedings, data from all randomized clinical trials designed to investigate molecular targeted agents in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer were collected. The time-frame between January 2007 and March 2015 was selected. Data on predefined end-points, including overall survival, progression-free survival in terms of Hazard Ratio and response-rate were extracted and analyzed by a random effects model. Pooled data analysis was performed according to …
Exploratory outcome analyses according to stage and/or residual disease in the ICON7 trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab …
2018
Objective In the randomized phase 3 ICON7 trial (ISRCTN91273375), adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy for newly diagnosed ovarian cancer significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS; primary endpoint) but not overall survival (OS; secondary endpoint) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. We explored treatment effect according to stage and extent of residual disease. Methods Patients with stage IIB–IV or high-risk (grade 3/clear-cell) stage I–IIA ovarian cancer were randomized to receive six cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel either alone or with bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks followed by single-agent bevacizumab for 12 further cycles (total duration 12 months). Post hoc ex…
Current treatment options for HER2-positive breast cancer patients with brain metastases
2020
Abstract Brain metastases (BMs) are frequently associated with HER2+ breast cancer (BC). Their management is based on a multi-modal strategy including both local treatment and systemic therapy. Despite therapeutic advance, BMs still have an adverse impact on survival and quality of life and the development of effective systemic therapy to prevent and treat BMs from HER2 + BC represents an unmet clinical need. Trastuzumab-based therapy has long been the mainstay of systemic therapy and over the last two decades other HER2-targeted agents including lapatinib, pertuzumab and trastuzumab emtansine, have been introduced in the clinical practice. More recently, novel agents such as neratinib, tuc…
Pharmacogenomics and the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
2016
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous malignancy that is primarily treated with combinations of cytarabine and anthracyclines. Although this scheme remains effective in most of the patients, variability of outcomes in patients has been partly related with their genetic variability. Several pharmacogenetic studies have analyzed the impact of polymorphisms in genes encoding transporters, metabolizers or molecular targets of chemotherapy agents. A systematic review on all eligible studies was carried out in order to estimate the effect of polymorphisms of anthracyclines and cytarabine pathways on efficacy and toxicity of AML treatment. Other emerging gene…
5-Fluorouracil and recombinant alpha interferon-2a in the treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma: a dose optimization study
1990
A dose optimization study was carried out with the aim of identifying the maximally tolerated dose of recombinant alpha interferon-2a (raIFN-2a) in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5FU). 5FU was given at the dose of 750 mg/m2 over a 4-hour infusion on day 1- - greater than 5 followed by 750 mg/m2 weekly i.v. bolus. Recombinant aIFN-2a was started at 3 x 10(6) IU subcutaneously three times/week. 12 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma were included in the study. 10 patients had previously received chemotherapy for advanced disease. Severe fatigue, most likely attributable to rIFN, was the dose-limiting toxicity. The dosage of raIFN-2a could not be further escalated above 12 x 10(6) IU…
Can Immunogenic Chemotherapies Relieve Cancer Cell Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors?
2019
The unprecedented clinical activity of checkpoint blockade in several types of cancers has formally demonstrated that anti-tumor immune responses are crucial in cancer therapy. Durable responses seen in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) show that they can trigger the establishment of long-lasting immunologic memory. This beneficial outcome is however achieved for a limited number of patients. In addition, late relapses are emerging suggesting the development of acquired resistances that compromise the anticancer efficacy of ICI. How can this be prevented through combination therapies? We here review the functions of immune checkpoints, the successes of ICI in treating…
Enzymatic Spermine Metabolites Induce Apoptosis Associated with Increase of p53, caspase-3 and miR-34a in Both Neuroblastoma Cells, SJNKP and the N-M…
2021
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignant solid tumor in children and accounts for 15% of childhood cancer mortality. Amplification of the N-Myc oncogene is a well-established poor prognostic marker in NB patients and strongly correlates with higher tumor aggression and resistance to treatment. New therapies for patients with N-Myc-amplified NB need to be developed. After treating NB cells with BSAO/SPM, the detection of apoptosis was determined after annexin V-FITC labeling and DNA staining with propidium iodide. The mitochondrial membrane potential activity was checked, labeling cells with the probe JC-1 dye. We analyzed, by real-time RT-PCR, the transcript of genes involved in the apoptot…
MycoKey Round Table Discussions of Future Directions in Research on Chemical Detection Methods, Genetics and Biodiversity of Mycotoxins
2018
MycoKey, an EU-funded Horizon 2020 project, includes a series of “Roundtable Discussions” to gather information on trending research areas in the field of mycotoxicology. This paper includes summaries of the Roundtable Discussions on Chemical Detection and Monitoring of mycotoxins and on the role of genetics and biodiversity in mycotoxin production. Discussions were managed by using the nominal group discussion technique, which generates numerous ideas and provides a ranking for those identified as the most important. Four questions were posed for each research area, as well as two questions that were common to both discussions. Test kits, usually antibody based, were one major focus of the…
Oral vinorelbine versus etoposide with cisplatin and chemo-radiation as treatment in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer: A randomized…
2019
Objectives: Concomitant chemo-radiation is the standard treatment for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of oral vinorelbine and cisplatin (OVP) compared with etoposide and cisplatin (EP), both in combination with radiotherapy, in this setting. Material and methods: An open-label, randomized phase II trial was undertaken including 23 hospitals in Spain. Adults with untreated unresectable stage III NSCLC were randomizedl:1 to receive: oral vinorelbine (days 1 and 8 with cisplatin on day 1 in 3-week cycles; 2 cycles of induction, 2 cycles in concomitance) or etoposide (days 1-5 and 29-32 with cisplatin on d…