Search results for "psychological intervention"
showing 10 items of 1086 documents
A cluster randomized web-based intervention trial to reduce food neophobia and promote healthy diets among one-year-old children in kindergarten: stu…
2018
A child’s first years of life are crucial for cognitive development and future health. Studies show that a varied diet with a high intake of vegetables is positive for both weight and cognitive development. The present low intake of vegetables in children’s diets is therefore a concern. Food neophobia can be a barrier for vegetable intake in children. Our hypothesis is that interventions that can increase children’s intake of vegetables should be introduced early in life to overcome children’s neophobia. This study aims to develop, measure and compare the effect of two different interventions among one-year-old children in kindergartens to reduce food neophobia and promote healthy diets. Th…
Sarcopenia, frailty and their prevention by exercise.
2019
Sarcopenia is a major component of the frailty syndrome, both being considered as strong predictors of morbidity, disability, and death in older people. In this review, we explore the definitions of sarcopenia and frailty and summarize the current knowledge on their relationship with oxidative stress and the possible therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat them, including exercise-based interventions and multimodal strategies. We highlight the relevance of the impairment of the nervous system and of the anabolic response (protein synthesis) in muscle aging leading to frailty and sarcopenia. We also discuss the importance of malnutrition and physical inactivity in these geriatric syndr…
A New Frailty Score for Experimental Animals Based on the Clinical Phenotype: Inactivity as a Model of Frailty.
2016
The development of animal models to study human frailty is important to test interventions to be translated to the clinical practice. The aim of this work was to develop a score for frailty in experimental animals based in the human frailty phenotype. We also tested the effect of physical inactivity in the development of frailty as determined by our score. Male C57Bl/6J mice, individually caged, were randomly assigned to one of two groups: sedentary (inactive) or spontaneous wheel-runners. We compared the sedentary versus the active lifestyle in terms of frailty by evaluating the clinical criteria used in humans: unintentional weight loss; poor endurance (running time); slowness (running sp…
Sociovirology: Conflict, Cooperation, and Communication among Viruses
2017
Viruses are involved in various interactions both within and between infected cells. Social evolution theory offers a conceptual framework for how virus-virus interactions, ranging from conflict to cooperation, have evolved. A critical examination of these interactions could expand our understanding of viruses and be exploited for epidemiological and medical interventions.
Physical activity and environmental enrichment: Behavioural effects of exposure to different housing conditions in mice.
2020
Enriched environments and exercise provide complex environmental stimulation that can induce emotional and cognitive changes; however, few studies have evaluated the effects of these two components on other behaviours, such as novelty seeking or pain sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of voluntary physical activity provided through different housing conditions on anxiety, locomotor activity, pain sensitivity, and exploration. Male mice at postnatal day (PND) 21 and were randomly assigned to one of four different conditions on PND 28: Marlau cages (MC), a standardized cage designed to provide a complex environment; physical exercise in large groups (PE…
Adolescent sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: An extended Health Action Process Approach.
2019
Abstract Objective Consumption of excess added sugar in the form of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to a wide range of health concerns in adolescents. Identification of modifiable determinants of SSB consumption based on behavioral theory may inform development of interventions aimed at reducing SSB consumption. The aim of the current study was to test the efficacy of an extended version of the Health Action Process Approach to predict adolescent SSB consumption. Methods Using a prospective design, adolescent students (N = 450) self-reported their outcome expectancies, perceived behavioral control, intentions, habit, action, maintenance, and recovery self-efficacy, action and c…
Preferred Music Listening Intervention in Nursing Home Residents with Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Intervention Study.
2019
Background The current trend in addressing symptoms of dementia comprises non-pharmacological strategies such as music interventions for the management and improvement of cognitive function, memory, agitation, depression, or anxiety. Objective To determine the impact of a preferred music listening group intervention upon the functional, cognitive, and emotional dimensions in nursing home residents. Methods A randomized intervention study was carried out. The study was conducted from June to August 2015, and involved a preferred music listening group intervention lasting 60 minutes, 5 days/week during 8 weeks. A total of 119 adults aged ≥65 years, with annual permanent residence in the nursi…
Delirium Predisposing and Triggering Factors in Nursing Home Residents: A Cohort Trial-Nested Case-Control Study.
2019
Background Delirium is a common geriatric syndrome, with a prevalence of between 15-70% among older long-term care residents. It is associated with adverse outcomes, and its onset may prove imperceptible to health professionals. Few studies in institutionalized older people have analyzed the predictors of delirium. Objective The aim of the present study was to identify delirium predisposing and triggering factors, and develop a predictive model. Methods A cohort trial-nested case-control study covering a period of 12 consecutive months (April 2015 - March 2016) was carried out. Predisposing and triggering episodes of delirium were recorded. Results A total of 443 older persons were recruite…
Influenza vaccination of healthcare workers in Italy: could mandatory vaccination be a solution to protect patients?
2019
Several studies have reported that influenza infections in healthcare workers (HCWs) can lead to nosocomial outbreaks. HCWs can potentially be infected with influenza every year, and may continue to work, encouraging the spread of the virus. Different strategies, such as informative interventions on influenza and influenza vaccination, ‘onsite’ vaccination weeks, communicative strategies through dedicated web and social media pages, and mandatory informed dissent form, were organized for HCWs working at the University Hospital of Palermo, during previous influenza seasons. However, the increased vaccination rates observed among HCWs still remain far from the 75% recommended by Public Healt…
The Value of Liquid Biopsies for Guiding Therapy Decisions in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
2019
Targeted therapies have allowed for an individualized treatment approach in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The initial therapeutic decisions and success of targeted therapy depend on genetic identification of personal tumor profiles. Tissue biopsy is the gold standard for molecular analysis, but non-invasive or minimally invasive liquid biopsy methods are also now used in clinical practice, allowing for later monitoring and optimization of the cancer treatment. The inclusion of liquid biopsy in the management of NSCLC provides strong evidence on early treatment response, which becomes a basis for determining disease progression and the need for changes in treatment. Liquid biopsies can…