Search results for "pulmonary"
showing 10 items of 3030 documents
Abstract 13812: Pulmonary Function Predicts Cardiac Function, Structure & Clinical Outcome in Chronic Heart Failure: Results From the Myovasc Stu…
2020
Introduction: A growing body of evidence suggests a relevance of pulmonary function in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). Comprehensive data on the role of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in the development & progression of HF is limited. Hypothesis: Given this background, we hypothesized, that (FEV1) is associated with deteriorated left ventricular (LV) functional as well as structural status, & predicts specific clinical outcome in HF. Methods: Data from the MyoVasc Study (n=3,289) were analysed. Comprehensive clinical phenotyping including body plethysmography for the evaluation of FEV1 & standardized echocardiography were performed during a five-hour inv…
Hemodynamic Parameters Change Earlier Than Tissue Oxygen Tension in Hemorrhage
2010
BACKGROUND: Untreated hypovolemia results in impaired outcome. This study tests our hypothesis whether general hemodynamic parameters detect acute blood loss earlier than monitoring parameters of regional tissue beds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight pigs (23-25 kg) were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. A pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial catheter were inserted. Tissue oxygen tension was measured with Clark-type electrodes in the jejunal and colonic wall, in the liver, and subcutaneously. Jejunal microcirculation was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Intravascular volume was optimized using difference in pulse pressure (dPP) to keep dPP below 13%. Sixty minutes after p…
Pulmonary haemodynamics in obstructive sleep apnoea.
1995
In patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), pulmonary haemodynamics can show both transient perturbations during sleep and permanent alterations. During sleep, repeated fluctuations in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary wedge pressure, coincident with apnoeas, can be observed. Calculation of transmural pressure values is preferable to intravascular pressures in OSAS, due to the marked swings in intrathoracic pressure associated with obstructive apnoeas. Pulmonary artery pressure may progressively increase during sleep, particularly in close sequences of highly desaturating apnoeas. Apnoea-induced hypoxia appears as the most important determinant of this pulmonary artery …
Differential contribution of dead space ventilation and low arterial pCO2 to exercise hyperpnea in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to i…
2003
In chronic heart failure (CHF), the abnormally large ventilatory response to exercise (VE/VCO(2) slope) has 2 conceptual elements: the requirement of restraining arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) from increasing (because of an increased ratio between increased physiologic dead space and tidal volume [VD/VT]) and the depression of arterial pCO(2) by further increased ventilation, which necessarily implies an important non-carbon dioxide stimulus to ventilation. We aimed to assess the contribution of these 2 factors in determining the elevated VE/VCO(2) slope in CHF. Thirty patients with CHF underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (age 65 +/- 11 years, left ventricular e…
Educational innovation in basic and advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatrics and neonatology in a realistic context
2018
Introducción: El profesor universitario debe transmitir las habilidades técnicas y cognitivas sobre reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) en Pediatría con el método más efectivo. Metodología: 17 clases prácticas de Resucitación Cardiopulmonar de 2 horas para 225 alumnos. Se impartió el 2º curso de Enfermería Pediátrica de la Universidad de Valencia. Cada clase consistió en 3 casos clínicos en los que participaron 15 estudiantes y 3 monitores. El conocimiento de los estudiantes se evaluó con prueba-repetición de 11 preguntas y la satisfacción después de la simulación (cuestionario de 20 preguntas). Resultados: la media de satisfacción de los alumnos fue de 8,62 sobre 10 puntos. La evaluación de l…
Clinical simulation: innovative educational project in basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation and advanced in pediatrics and neonatology
2019
[EN] Introduction: Nowadays, clinical simulation could be a key link in the teaching and learning of different procedures. Methodology: It is a quasi-experimental study, using three evaluation questionnaires as a method to collect the respective information to the acquisition of competences and satisfaction of the students regarding a theoretical-practical training on pediatric and neonatal CPR for students of 2nd year Nursing the University of Valencia. To this end, 17 RCP laboratories formed by 228 students were carried out. Results: The students gave a great reception to this project, giving it a score of 8.82 (SD 0.42) out of 10. The most valued item (by the students) was that in which …
Assessment of alterations in barrier functionality and induction of proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects after sulfur mustard exposure of an in vitr…
2007
Acute lung injury after sulfur mustard (SM) inhalation is characterized by massive, localized hemorrhage and alveolar edema, which implies severe disruption of the vascular and distal airway barrier. In this study, we tested a recently established in vitro coculture model of the alveolo-capillary barrier for its applicability to investigate acute toxic effects of SM at the human respiratory unit. The epithelial compartment of cocultures was exposed to varying concentrations of SM (0-1000 microM; t = 30 min). Following exposure, functional and structural barrier integrity of cocultures was monitored over a period of 24 h. A 50% reduction of transbilayer electrical resistance (TER) within 12-…
Novel cationic solid-lipid nanoparticles as non-viral vectors for gene delivery.
2007
In this paper, the suitability of novel cationic solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as a nonviral transfection agent for gene delivery was investigated. SLN were produced by using the microemulsion method and Compritol ATO 888 as matrix lipid, dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide as charge carrier and Pluronic F68 as surfactant. Obtained nanoparticles were approximately 120 nm in size and positively charged, with a zeta potential value equal to +45 mV in twice-distilled water. Cationic SLN were able to form stable complexes with DNA and to protect DNA against DNase I digestion. The SLN-DNA complexes were characterized by mean diameter and zeta potential measurements. In vitro studies on human l…
Use of the Cultex® Radial Flow System as an in vitro exposure method to assess acute pulmonary toxicity of fine dusts and nanoparticles with special …
2013
Exposure of the respiratory tract to airborne particles (including metal-dusts and nano-particles) is considered as a serious health hazard. For a wide range of substances basic knowledge about the toxic properties and the underlying pathomechanisms is lacking or even completely missing. Legislation demands the toxicological characterization of all chemicals placed on the market until 2018 (REACH). As toxicological in vivo data are rare with regard to acute lung toxicity or exhibit distinct limitations (e.g. inter-species differences) and legislation claims the reduction of animal experiments in general ("3R" principle), profound in vitro models have to be established and characterized to m…
Anaesthetic-related neuroprotection: intravenous or inhalational agents?
2010
In designing the anaesthetic plan for patients undergoing surgery, the choice of anaesthetic agent may often appear irrelevant and the best results obtained by the use of a technique or a drug with which the anaesthesia care provider is familiar. Nevertheless, in those surgical procedures (cardiopulmonary bypass, carotid surgery and cerebral aneurysm surgery) and clinical situations (subarachnoid haemorrhage, stroke, brain trauma and postcardiac arrest resuscitation) where protecting the CNS is a priority, the choice of anaesthetic drug assumes a fundamental role. Treating patients with a neuroprotective agent may be a consideration in improving overall neurological outcome. Therefore, a cl…