Search results for "puolustus"
showing 10 items of 91 documents
Työpaikkaliikunnan muutos ja kehittäminen : Maavoimien Materiaalilaitoksen Esikunta
2009
Kun ryssä löi vyötärön alapuolelle : urheilu ja maanpuolustus talvisodan aikana
2014
This article analyses how the role of sportsmen as defenders of the country was seen during the Winter War (1939–1940) and how their performance as soldiers was evaluated by sports experts. The image of the Finnish sportsman (cf. Paavo Nurmi) as physically and mentally particularly fit type of soldier was disseminated by the Finnish sports journal Suomen Urheilulehti and the characteristics of the Finnish sportsmen as soldiers were compared with the ‘average’ soldiers and the attacking Russians, ‘Ruskies’, the Red Army soldiers. ‘Ruskie’, in Finnish ryssä, is a term of abuse to designate Alterity that could never be domesticated, hateful and fearful Otherness beyond history for the Finn. On…
Asento vai lepo : komppanianpäälliköiden, kouluttajien ja varusmiesten näkemyksiä puolustusvoimien liikuntakoulutuksesta
1999
Työidentiteetti muutostilanteessa - puolustusvoimista irtisanottujen näkemyksiä
2009
Antipredator strategies of pupae: how to avoid predation in an immobile life stage?
2019
Antipredator strategies of the pupal stage in insects have received little attention in comparison to larval or adult stages. This is despite the fact that predation risk can be high during the pupal stage, making it a critical stage for subsequent fitness. The immobile pupae are not, however, defenceless; a wide range of antipredator strategies have evolved against invertebrate and vertebrate predators. The most common strategy seems to be ‘avoiding encounters with predators' by actively hiding in vegetation and soil or via cryptic coloration and masquerade. Pupae have also evolved behavioural and secondary defences such as defensive toxins, physical defences or deimatic movements and soun…
Itsepuolustusharjoittelun mahdollisuudet koulukiusaamisen vähentämisessä
2012
Silvonen, M. 2012. Itsepuolustusharjoittelun mahdollisuudet koulukiusaamisen vähen-tämisessä. Jyväskylän yliopisto. Liikuntapedagogiikan pro gradu- tutkielma. 91 s. Tutkielman tavoitteena oli selvittää itsepuolustusharjoittelun mahdollisuuksia koulu-kiusaamisen vähentämisessä. Tarkoituksena oli tutkia, miten itsepuolustuskurssi toteutui kolmannen luokan oppilailla, miten koulukiusaamiseen puuttuvat harjoitukset toimivat itsepuolustuskurssilla ja miten itsepuolustuskurssi ilmeni oppilaiden välisissä suhteissa. Lisäksi tutkittiin, mitä keinoja oppilaat voivat oppia koulukiusaamisen tunnistamiseen ja välttämiseen sekä vaikuttiko itsepuolustuskurssi koulukiusaamista vähentävästi. Tutkielman tau…
The price of safety: food deprivation in early life influences the efficacy of chemical defence in an aposematic moth
2018
Aposematism is the combination of a primary signal with a secondary defence that predators must learn to associate with one another. However, variation in the level of defence, both within and between species, is very common. As secondary defences influence individual fitness, this variation in quality and quantity requires an evolutionary explanation, particularly as it may or may not correlate with variation in primary signals. The costs of defence production are expected to play a considerable role in generating this variation, yet studies of the cost of chemical defence have focused on species that sequester their defences, while studies in species that produce them de novo are scarce. …
Low back pain during military service predicts low back pain later in life
2016
The aim of the present study was to assess associations between physician diagnosed unspecified low back pain (LBP) during compulsory military service and self-reported LBP and physical fitness measured on average four years after military service. From a total of 1155 persons who had been pass medical examination for military service and who had completed physically demanding military training between 1997 and 2007, 778 men participated in a refresher military training course and physical tests. In this study, the association between LBP during military service and LBP in later life in addition to the association between LBP and physical fitness were examined. A total of 219 out of 778 par…
The evolution and ecology of multiple antipredator defences
2023
Prey seldom rely on a single type of antipredator defence, often using multiple defences to avoid predation. In many cases, selection in different contexts may favour the evolution of multiple defences in a prey. However, a prey may use multiple defences to protect itself during a single predator encounter. Such “defence portfolios” that defend prey against a single instance of predation are distributed across and within successive stages of the predation sequence (encounter, detection, identification, approach (attack), subjugation and consumption). We contend that at present, our understanding of defence portfolio evolution is incomplete, and seen from the fragmentary perspective of speci…
Testing the effectiveness of pyrazine defences against spiders
2020
Insects live in a dangerous world and may fall prey to a wide variety of predators, encompassing multiple taxa. As a result, selection may favour defences that are effective against multiple predator types, or target-specific defences that can reduce predation risk from particular groups of predators. Given the variation in sensory systems and hunting tactics, in particular between vertebrate and invertebrate predators, it is not always clear whether defences, such as chemical defences, that are effective against one group will be so against another. Despite this, the majority of research to date has focused on the role of a single predator species when considering the evolution of defended…