Search results for "radioterapia"
showing 10 items of 574 documents
Could lymphadenectomy be avoided in locally advanced cervical cancer patients administered preoperative chemoradiation? A large-scale retrospective s…
2017
Abstract Introduction To identify a subset of cervical cancer (CC) patients administered chemoradiation (CT/RT) plus radical surgery (RS), who can be spared lymphadenectomy, and complications. Patients and methods 430 Stage IB2-IIB patients without LN involvement at imaging were accrued (March 1996–December 2015) at Gynecologic Oncology Unit of the Catholic University of Rome/Campobasso. CT/RT consisted of pelvic irradiation plus cisplatin based chemotherapy. Objective response was evaluated according to RECIST criteria; radical hysterectomy and pelvic ± aortic lymphadenectomy was attempted in patients achieving response or stable disease. Surgical morbidity was classified according to the …
Challenges and advances for the treatment of renal cancer patients with brain metastases: From immunological background to upcoming clinical evidence…
2021
The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment landscape, resulted in improvements in overall survival (OS) in metastatic patients. Brain metastases (BMs) are a specific metastatic site of interest representing a predictive factor of poor prognosis. Patients with BMs were usually excluded from prospective clinical trials in the past. Despite recent evidence suggest the efficacy and safety of ICIs, the BMs treatment remains a challenge; the immunotherapy responsiveness seems to be multifactorial and dependent on several factors, such as the genetic intratumor heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive role of the brain tumor microenvironment. This revie…
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Neurological Complications of Radiotherapy
2019
Radiotherapy is a highly effective tool for the treatment of brain cancer. However, radiation also causes detrimental effects in the healthy tissue, leading to neurocognitive sequelae that compromise the quality of life of brain cancer patients. Despite the recognition of this serious complication, no satisfactory solutions exist at present. Here we investigated the effects of intranasal administration of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a neuroprotective strategy for cranial radiation in mice. Our results demonstrated that intranasally delivered hMSCs promote radiation-induced brain injury repair, improving neurological function. This intervention confers protection against inflamma…
Efecto de la radioterapia en glándulas salivales accesorias.
2005
El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar las alteraciones que las radiacionesionizantes producen sobre las glándulas salivales accesorias labiales. Ennuestro estudio se seleccionaron sujetos diagnosticados de un tumor malignode cabeza y cuello que iban a recibir radioterapia dentro de su tratamiento,incluyendo los labios dentro del campo de irradiación. Se evaluó la secreciónsalival y las alteraciones morfológicas de las glándulas en el momento deldiagnóstico y a los tres meses de finalizar el tratamiento radioterápico.Se incluyeron en el estudio 17 sujetos. Antes de la radioterapia lasecreción salival media fue de 0,21 ml/m; en cuatro de los sujetos existía atrofiaglandular leve antes de di…
Dosimetría y verificación de tratamientos en Radioterapia: Intercomparación de soluciones existentes y desarrollo de soluciones basadas en cámaras de…
2015
La utilización de haces de radiación en Radioterapia debe realizarse en un entorno de alta seguridad. Los controles de calidad que permiten garantizarla deben ser muy estrictos y disponer de herramientas adecuadas para el control y supervisión de los tratamientos administrados. Con este objetivo se han desarrollado detectores dosimétricos basados en diferentes tecnologías. En el marco de esta tesis se presenta una nueva matriz de detectores de alta resolución enfocada al control de calidad y la verificación de tratamientos en Radioterapia. Durante la realización del trabajo se han analizado las soluciones existentes comercialmente y las tecnologías en que se basan. El análisis ha incluido e…
Validación del registro deformable de imágenes en radioterapia adaptativa
2017
En los últimos años, una de las áreas de mayor interés en la radioterapia ha sido la radioterapia adaptativa (ART), siendo la forma más versátil y eficiente de realizarla utilizar el registro de imágenes deformable (DIR). Este se basa en crear un campo de deformación vectorial entre dos imágenes, que permite relacionar los vóxels de una imagen con la otra. Una de las grandes dificultades para implementar la ART en los centros hospitalarios es la dificultad para validar si el algoritmo de DIR relaciona correctamente las dos imágenes que queremos registrar deformablemente. En esta tesis se pretende validar el algoritmo hibrido del sistema de planificación computarizada (TPS) RayStation (v.4.0…
Acute appendicitis and situs viscerum inversus: radiological and surgical approach—a systematic review
2023
Abstract Introduction Acute appendicitis is one of the most frequent intra-abdominal diseases requiring emergency surgical consult and treatment. The diagnosis of this condition is based on clinical features and radiologic findings. One-third of patients with acute appendicitis present unusual symptoms. There are several circumstances that may cause misdiagnosis and unclear prognostic prediction. Among these, situs viscerum inversus totalis and midgut malrotation can be challenging scenarios, leading to a delay in treatment, especially when these conditions are unknown. We decided to carry on a systematic review of published cases of acute appendicitis in the context of anatomical anomalies…
Imaging features of adrenal masses
2019
Abstract The widespread use of imaging examinations has increased the detection of incidental adrenal lesions, which are mostly benign and non-functioning adenomas. The differentiation of a benign from a malignant adrenal mass can be crucial especially in oncology patients since it would greatly affect treatment and prognosis. In this setting, imaging plays a key role in the detection and characterization of adrenal lesions, with several imaging tools which can be employed by radiologists. A thorough knowledge of the imaging features of adrenal masses is essential to better characterize these lesions, avoiding a misinterpretation of imaging findings, which frequently overlap between benign …
Diagnostic performance of 2D-shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of breast cancer: a clinical appraisal of cutoff values
2022
Purpose To assess the role of 2D-shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in differentiating benign from malignant focal breast lesions (FBLs), providing new vendor-specific cutoff values. Methods 158 FBLs (size: 3.5-50 mm) detected in 151 women (age: 21-87 years) were prospectively evaluated by means 2D-SWE. For each lesion, an expert radiologist assessed US BI-RADS category and calculated the following four 2D-SWE parameters: (1) elasticity maximum (E-max); (2) mean elasticity (E-mean); (3) minimum elasticity (E-min); (4) elasticity ratio (E-ratio). US-guided core-biopsy was considered as standard of reference for all the FBLs classified as BI-RADS 4 or 5. For each 2D-SWE parameter, the optimal c…
Focal nodular hyperplasia: a weight-based, intraindividual comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI
2019
PURPOSE: We aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the enhancement pattern of focal nodular hyperplasia after gadobenate dimeglumine and gadoxetate disodium injection in the same patient. METHODS: 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 16 patients with 21 focal nodular hyperplasias studied after the injection of both contrast media were evaluated. Both MRI studies were performed in all patients. A qualitative analysis was performed evaluating each lesion in all phases. For quantitative analysis we calculated signal intensity ratio, lesion-to-liver contrast ratio and liver parenchyma signal intensity gain on hepatobiliary phase. Statistical analysis was performed w…