Search results for "rafts"
showing 10 items of 228 documents
Preclinical models for precision oncology
2018
Precision medicine approaches have revolutionized oncology. Personalized treatments require not only identification of the driving molecular alterations, but also development of targeted therapies and diagnostic tests to identify the appropriate patient populations for clinical trials and subsequent therapeutic implementation. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo models are widely used to predict efficacy of newly developed treatments. Here we discuss whether, and to what extent, preclinical models including cell lines, organoids and tumorgrafts recapitulate key features of human tumors. The potential of preclinical models to anticipate treatment efficacy and clinical benefit is also presented,…
Transcutaneous immunization with CD40 ligation boosts cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated antitumor immunity independent of CD4 helper cells in mice.
2018
Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a novel vaccination strategy that utilizes skin-associated lymphatic tissue to induce immune responses. Employing T-cell epitopes and the TLR7 agonist imiquimod onto intact skin mounts strong primary, but limited memory CTL responses. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel imiquimod-containing vaccination platform (IMI-Sol) rendering superior primary CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses. However, it has been unclear whether IMI-Sol per se is restricted in terms of memory formation and tumor protection. In our present work, we demonstrate that the combined administration of IMI-Sol and CD40 ligation unleashes fullblown specific T-cell responses in th…
Efficacy of hydrodynamic interleukin 10 gene transfer in human liver segments with interest in transplantation.
2016
Different diseases lead, during their advanced stages, to chronic or acute liver failure, whose unique treatment consists in organ transplantation. The success of intervention is limited by host immune response and graft rejection. The use of immunosuppressant drugs generally improve organ transplantation, but they cannot completely solve the problem. Also, their management is delicate, especially during the early stages of treatment. Thus, new tools to set an efficient modulation of immune response are required. The local expression of interleukin (IL) 10 protein in transplanted livers mediated by hydrodynamic gene transfer could improve the organ acceptance by the host because it presents…
Polysialic acid chains exhibit enhanced affinity for ordered regions of membranes.
2018
Polysialic acid (polySia) forms linear chains which are usually attached to the external surface of the plasma membrane mainly through the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) protein. It is exposed on neural cells, several types of cancer cells, dendritic cells, and egg and sperm cells. There are several lipid raft-related phenomena in which polySia is involved; however the mechanisms of polySia action as well as determinants of its localization in lipid raft microdomains are still unknown, although the majority of NCAM molecules in the liquid-ordered raft membrane fractions of neural cells appear to be polysialylated. Here we investigate the affinity of polySia (both soluble and NCAM-depe…
ERK3/MAPK6 controls IL-8 production and chemotaxis
2020
ERK3 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the atypical mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the physiological significance of its short half-life remains unclear. By employing gastrointestinal 3D organoids, we detect that ERK3 protein levels steadily decrease during epithelial differentiation. ERK3 is not required for 3D growth of human gastric epithelium. However, ERK3 is stabilized and activated in tumorigenic cells, but deteriorates over time in primary cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ERK3 is necessary for production of several cellular factors including interleukin-8 (IL-8), in both, normal and tumorigenic cells. Particularly, ERK3 is critical for AP-1 signaling…
Transfer of minimally manipulated CMV-specific T cells from stem cell or third-party donors to treat CMV infection after allo-HSCT.
2017
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common, potentially life-threatening complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We assessed prospectively the safety and efficacy of stem cell-donor-or third-party-donor-derived CMV-specific T cells for the treatment of persistent CMV infections after allo-HSCT in a phase I/IIa trial. Allo-HSCT patients with drugrefractory CMV infection and lacking virus-specific T cells were treated with a single dose of ex vivo major histocompatibility complex-Streptamer-isolated CMV epitope-specific donor T cells. Forty-four allo-HSCT patients receiving a T-cell-replete (D+ repl; n = 28) or T-cell-depleted (D+ depl; n = 16) …
Student nurses at Spanish universities and their attitude toward xenotransplantation.
2019
INTRODUCTION: Recent immunological and transgenic advances are a promising alternative using limited materials of human origin for transplantation. However, it is essential to achieve social acceptance of this therapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the attitude of nursing students from Spanish universities toward organ xenotransplantation (XTx) and to determine the factors affecting their attitude. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Type of study: A sociological, multicentre, and observational study. STUDY POPULATION: Nursing students enrolled in Spain (n = 28,000). SAMPLE SIZE: A sample of 10 566 students estimating a proportion of 76% (99% confidence and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographical area and…
Histopathological comparison of healing after maxillary sinus augmentation using xenograft mixed with autogenous bone versus allograft mixed with aut…
2018
To compare the clinical and histologic outcomes of two different grafting materials (allograft and xenograft) when combined with autogenous bone and covered with a collagen membrane for sinus augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A parallel case series of fourteen patients in need of a unilateral sinus augmentation was evaluated in this study. Seven patients received a graft composed by autologous cortical bone (ACB) and anorganic bovine bone in a ratio of 1:1; the other seven patients received ACB mixed with an allograft in the same ratio. Bone biopsies were obtained 6 months after sinus augmentation at the time of implant placement. Comparative histomorphometrical, histopathological, and im…
Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus and Bocavirus Respiratory Infections after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Prospect…
2018
Highlights • Human coronavirus are common after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and can progress to LRTDs, and in some cases this leads to hospitalization and requires supportive care. • Human bocavirus are quite rare after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and are commonly detected in conjunction with other viral co-pathogens.
EGFL7 enhances surface expression of integrin α5β1 to promote angiogenesis in malignant brain tumors
2018
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is a typically lethal type of brain tumor with a median survival of 15 months postdiagnosis. This negative prognosis prompted the exploration of alternative treatment options. In particular, the reliance of GBM on angiogenesis triggered the development of anti‐VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) blocking antibodies such as bevacizumab. Although its application in human GBM only increased progression‐free periods but did not improve overall survival, physicians and researchers still utilize this treatment option due to the lack of adequate alternatives. In an attempt to improve the efficacy of anti‐VEGF treatment, we explored the role of the egfl7 gene in ma…