Search results for "rase"
showing 10 items of 4343 documents
Desaturase activities are depleted before and after weaning in liver microsomes of spontaneously hypertensive rats
2002
Abstract In the present study, we have investigated the microsomal linoleic acid desaturation steps into arachidonic acid in 10- and 30-day-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as compared to their normotensive control rats, Wistar Kyoto (WKY). Suckled by adoptive Wistar normotensive female, the SHR and WKY were fed the same diet. Our results show lower Δ6 and Δ5 desaturase activities (the limiting steps in the bioconversion of linoleic acid into arachidonic acid) in the young SHR, as compared to the WKY normotensive rats. The fatty acid composition of liver microsomal total lipids evidences a higher proportion of linoleic acid in SHR than in WKY, in agreement with the partially deple…
Chronic exposure of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces an obesogenic effect in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet
2017
IF 3.582; International audience; Contaminant involvement in the pathophysiology of obesity is widely recognized. It has been shown that low dose and chronic exposure to endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) potentiated diet- induced obesity. High and acute exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent organic pollutant (POP) and an EDC with anti-estrogenic property, causes wasting syndrome . However at lower doses, the TCDD metabolic effects remain poorly understood. We investigated the obesogenic effect during chronic exposure of TCDD at 1μg/kg body weight (bw)/week in adult C57BL/6J mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD) and exposed from 10 to 42 weeks old to TCDD or e…
Postnatal overfeeding in rats leads to moderate overweight and to cardiometabolic and oxidative alterations in adulthood.
2011
In contrast to the masses of data on obesity, few data are available concerning the cardiometabolic and oxidative consequences of moderate overweight. The model of postnatal overfeeding (OF) induces an increase in body weight at weaning that remains during adult life. Litters of Wistar rats were either maintained at 12 pups (normal-fed group, NF), or reduced to 3 pups at birth in order to induce OF. At 6 months of age, metabolic parameters, circulating oxidative stress and aortic and coronary vasoreactivity were assessed. Cardiac susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury was also evaluated ex vivo as were markers of cardiac remodeling. OF led to an increase in body weight at weaning (+5…
ERK1 and ERK2 activation modulates diet-induced obesity in mice
2017
IF 3.112; International audience; Obesity is a worldwide problem, and dietary lipids play an important role in its pathogenesis. Recently, Erk1 knock-out (ERK1(-/-)) mice have been shown to exhibit low preference for dietary fatty acids. Hence, we maintained Erk1(-/-) mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) to assess the implication of this mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in obesity. The Erk1(-/-) mice, fed the HFD, were more obese than wild-type (WT) animals, fed the same diet. Erk1(-/-) obese mice gained more fat and liver mass than WT obese animals. No difference was observed in daily food and energy intake in HFD-fed both group of animals. However, feed efficiency was higher in Erk1(-/-) t…
Acute activation of cannabinoid receptors by anandamide reduces gastrointestinal motility and improves postprandial glycemia in mice.
2015
International audience; The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with an alteration of glucose homeostasis dependent on cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) activation. However, very little information is available concerning the consequences of ECS activation on intestinal glucose absorption. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with anandamide, an endocannabinoid binding both CB1R and CB2R. We measured plasma glucose and xylose appearance after oral loading, gastrointestinal motility, and glucose transepithelial transport using the everted sac method. Anandamide improved hyperglycemia after oral glucose charge whereas glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity were impaired, pointing out so…
Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Variables on Plasma Magnesium Concentrations and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Medi…
2020
Several studies have shown that a low magnesium (Mg) intake in the diet is associated with greater cardiovascular risk and greater risk of diabetes. However, the results are not consistent in all populations. To minimize the biases derived from diet measurement, more objective biomarkers of magnesium status have been proposed. Although there is still no ideal biomarker for Mg, several studies have shown that plasma Mg concentrations could be a relatively acceptable biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment. However, further studies are required to better characterize this marker in different populations. Our aim was to analyze the association between plasma Mg concentrations (measured th…
Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, physical training and their combination on collagen biosynthesis in rat skeletal muscle.
1995
The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, physical training and their combination on the activities of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (PH) and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyl-transferase (GGT), both marker enzymes of collagen biosynthesis, and on the concentration of hydroxyproline (Hyp) were studied in vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles in rats. The experimental period was 12-16 weeks. Diabetes had an overall decreasing effect on specific PH activity in all muscles studied, whereas specific GGT activity remained at control level. Total PH and GGT activities decreased in all three muscles in the diabetic animals (P < 0.001). Training caused an increase in PH and GGT acti…
Effects of acute exercise, exercise training, and diabetes on the expression of lymphangiogenic growth factors and lymphatic vessels in skeletal musc…
2007
Blood and lymphatic vessels together form the circulatory system, allowing the passage of fluids and molecules within the body. Recently we showed that lymphatic capillaries are also found in the capillary bed of skeletal muscle. Exercise is known to induce angiogenesis in skeletal muscle, but it is not known whether exercise has effects on lymphangiogenesis or lymphangiogenic growth factors. We studied lymphatic vessel density and expression of the main lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D and their receptor VEGFR-3 in response to acute running exercise and endurance exercise training in the skeletal muscle of healthy and diabetic mice. VEGF-C mRNA expression increased after t…
Eicosapentaenoic acid modulates fatty acid metabolism and inflammation in Psammomys obesus.
2015
Abstract The desert gerbil, Psammomys obesus, is a unique polygenic animal model of metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes), and these pathological conditions resemble to those in human beings. In this study, the animals were fed ad libitum either a natural diet (ND) which contained desertic halophile plants or a standard laboratory diet (STD) or a diet which contained eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), hence, termed as EPA diet (EPAD). In EPAD, 50% of total lipid content was replaced by EPA oil. By employing real-time PCR, we assessed liver expression of key genes involved in fatty acid metabolism such as PPAR-α, SREBP-1c, LXR-α and CHREBP. We also studied the expres…
Differential roles of cAMP and cGMP in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet biogenesis
2012
The cyclic nucleotides cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) regulate the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase G (PKG), respectively. This process helps maintain circulating platelets in a resting state. Here we studied the role of cAMP and cGMP in the regulation of megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation and platelet formation. Cultured, platelet-producing MKs were differentiated from fetal livers harvested from 13.5 days postcoital mouse embryos. MK development was accompanied by a dramatic increase in cAMP production and expression of soluble guanylate cyclase, PKG, and PKA as well as their downstream targets vasodilator-stimulated ph…