Search results for "reactions"

Reactions and countermeasures of medical oncologists towards the incoming COVID-19 pandemic: A whatsapp messenger-based report from the Italian colle…

2020

Background This descriptive, unplanned investigation has been undertaken to report reactions, attitudes and countermeasures which have been put in place and implemented by medical oncology units facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Southern Italy. Materials and methods Data have been retrospectively obtained from the time-related analysis of conversations via a WhatsApp messenger-based group chat between the medical directors belonging to the Italian College of Medical Oncology Directors. Overall number, intensity and time trend of conversations related to reactions during the 4 weeks of observation related to the crucial events which occurred between 24 February and 28 March, 2020 2020 are incl…

Different effects of biological drugs in rheumatoid arthritis

2013

Biological drugs have brought new hope to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in whom previously existing treatments could not control inflammation, joint destruction, or the progression of disability. The five currently available TNF blockers are approved for treating RA patients, but they have different structures, morphology, pharmacokinetic properties, and activity. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) have shown that they improve the signs and symptoms of both early and long-standing RA and other inflammatory arthritides, prevent radiographic progression, and improve the patients' health-related quality of life. However, they are more effective in combination with methotrexate (MTX) t…

ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID CATALYSTS BASED ON IMIDAZOLIUM AND THIAZOLIUM SALTS

In the last years, great attention was focused on immobilized ionic liquids for their application in the field of catalysis. The main challenge is represented by the possibility of combining the benefits of the ionic liquids to that of the supports. In order to achieve this ambitious objective both the choice of the support and the functionalization strategy are of fundamental importance. In this context, one of the aims of this doctoral project was to develop novel catalysts based on covalently mono- or multilayer imidazolium or thiazolium networks onto a high ordered mesoporous silica or carbon nanotubes materials. The second goal of this PhD thesis was to design novel imidazolium based c…

Storage Diseases: Diagnostic Position

2013

Storage diseases are metabolic multiorgan conditions, which may be divided into lysosomal and nonlysosomal diseases. Disorders of the lysosomal type require electron microscopy for morphological diagnosis. It is the metabolic substrate that determines involvement of the cell type or organ in the individual storage disease, allowing extracerebral biopsies, for instance, in the neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL). A hierarchy of tissues biopsied for diagnosis can be based on easy accessibility: blood lymphocytes, skin, conjunctiva, rectum, skeletal muscle. Lysosomal diseases are divided into vacuolar and nonvacuolar ones. NCL display variegated ultrastructural patterns. Drugs may induce lyso…

Presenilin is the molecular target of acidic γ-secretase modulators in living cells.

2012

The intramembrane-cleaving protease γ-secretase catalyzes the last step in the generation of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and is a principal therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. Both preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that inhibition of γ-secretase is associated with prohibitive side effects due to suppression of Notch processing and signaling. Potentially safer are γ-secretase modulators (GSMs), which are small molecules that selectively lower generation of the highly amyloidogenic Aβ42 peptides but spare Notch processing. GSMs with nanomolar potency and favorable pharmacological properties have been described, but the molecular mechanism of GSMs remains uncertain an…

Biochemical analysis of class II antigens. Identification of a two- and a three-polypeptide chain complex of I-A locus equivalent molecules in the ra…

1983

The polypeptide chain composition of class II antigens from LEW rat spleen cells was studied utilizing cross-reactive mouse alloantiserum A. TH anti-A.TL (specificity anti-Iak) and the monoclonal antibodies MRC-OX6 and MRC-OX3 for immunoprecipitation. Two-dimensional gel mapping of A. TH anti-A. TL immunoprecipitates revealed that, as in the mouse, two groups of class II antigens exist corresponding to I-A and I-E locus equivalent structures. In the absence of reducing agents three monomeric chains α, 36 kDa (p36); γ, 33 kDa (p33); and β, 23 kDa (p23), were detected for I-A equivalent antigens, whereas I-E equivalent molecules separated into five monomeric chains: α, 37 kDa (p37); γ, 33 kDa…

New approach to condensed pyrid-2-ones

2002

We wish to report a simple procedure for the preparation of 5-substituted-thienopyridin-7-ones and 7-substituted-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6H)-ones, in good yields, from the dianions of 3-methylthiophene-2-carboxylic and 2-methylnicotinic acids on treatment with nitriles. Brun Sanchez, Eva Maria, Eva.M.Brun@uv.es ; Gil Grau, Salvador, Salvador.Gil@uv.es ; Parra Alvarez, Margarita, Margarita.Parra@uv.es

Organocatalytic asymmetric addition of naphthols and electron-rich phenols to isatin-derived ketimines: highly enantioselective construction of tetra…

2015

A quinine-derived thiourea organocatalyst promoted the highly enantioselective addition of naphthols and activated phenols to ketimines derived from isatins. The reaction afforded chiral 3-amino-2-oxindoles with a quaternary stereocenter in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). To the best of our knowledge, this transformation is the first highly enantioselective addition of naphthols to ketimines

Photocatalytic and Catalytic Reactions in Gas–Solid and in Liquid–Solid Systems

2019

Abstract Heterogeneous photocatalytic and thermal-catalytic reactions are here presented focusing the differences and similarities between the two processes. When possible, the comparison was made for the same chemical reaction in the presence of an inorganic material playing the role of both catalyst or/and photocatalyst. Several examples are presented where a catalytic reaction can occur at milder experimental conditions and, particularly, at lower temperature when the system is also irradiated by UV and/or visible light. The differences in mechanistic aspects, conversions, and selectivities between catalytic and photocatalytic reactions will be also considered because these occurrences a…

Calvin-Benson Cycle

2015

A carbon dioxide fixation pathway where a molecule of CO2 condenses with a 5-C compound (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate) to yield two molecules of a 3-C compound (3-phosphoglycerate). These 3-C molecules serve both as precursors for biosynthesis and, through a cyclic series of enzymatic reactions, to regenerate the 5-C molecule necessary for the first carboxylating step (Fig. 1). The pathway is present in several bacterial lineages (e.g., cyanobacteria), and its acquisition by eukaryotic cells (chloroplast in algae and plants) was through the endosymbiotic association with ancient cyanobacteria.