Search results for "reasoning"
showing 10 items of 371 documents
Probabilistic and team PFIN-type learning: General properties
2008
We consider the probability hierarchy for Popperian FINite learning and study the general properties of this hierarchy. We prove that the probability hierarchy is decidable, i.e. there exists an algorithm that receives p_1 and p_2 and answers whether PFIN-type learning with the probability of success p_1 is equivalent to PFIN-type learning with the probability of success p_2. To prove our result, we analyze the topological structure of the probability hierarchy. We prove that it is well-ordered in descending ordering and order-equivalent to ordinal epsilon_0. This shows that the structure of the hierarchy is very complicated. Using similar methods, we also prove that, for PFIN-type learning…
Conceptual Spaces for Cognitive Architectures: A lingua franca for different levels of representation
2017
During the last decades, many cognitive architectures (CAs) have been realized adopting different assumptions about the organization and the representation of their knowledge level. Some of them (e.g. SOAR [Laird (2012)]) adopt a classical symbolic approach, some (e.g. LEABRA [O'Reilly and Munakata (2000)]) are based on a purely connectionist model, while others (e.g. CLARION [Sun (2006)] adopt a hybrid approach combining connectionist and symbolic representational levels. Additionally, some attempts (e.g. biSOAR) trying to extend the representational capacities of CAs by integrating diagrammatical representations and reasoning are also available [Kurup and Chandrasekaran (2007)]. In this p…
Generalized Logical Operations among Conditional Events
2018
We generalize, by a progressive procedure, the notions of conjunction and disjunction of two conditional events to the case of n conditional events. In our coherence-based approach, conjunctions and disjunctions are suitable conditional random quantities. We define the notion of negation, by verifying De Morgan’s Laws. We also show that conjunction and disjunction satisfy the associative and commutative properties, and a monotonicity property. Then, we give some results on coherence of prevision assessments for some families of compounded conditionals; in particular we examine the Frechet-Hoeffding bounds. Moreover, we study the reverse probabilistic inference from the conjunction $\mathcal…
Quantum inductive inference by finite automata
2008
AbstractFreivalds and Smith [R. Freivalds, C.H. Smith Memory limited inductive inference machines, Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science 621 (1992) 19–29] proved that probabilistic limited memory inductive inference machines can learn with probability 1 certain classes of total recursive functions, which cannot be learned by deterministic limited memory inductive inference machines. We introduce quantum limited memory inductive inference machines as quantum finite automata acting as inductive inference machines. These machines, we show, can learn classes of total recursive functions not learnable by any deterministic, nor even by probabilistic, limited memory inductive inference machin…
ESTUDIO SOBRE EL LENGUAJE Y LAS FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS DE UN CASO DE SÍNDROME DE X-FRÁGIL
2014
Abstract:STUDY ON LANGUAGE AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS OF A CASE OF FRAGILE X SYNDROMEThe main objective of this study is to compare a subject with a clinical diagnosis of Fragile X Syndrome with other disorders (ADHD, Mental Retardation and ASD) in executive functioning and language. The language variables analyzed are lexical knowledge, lexical access, free induced verbal fluency, comprehension instruction and verbal reasoning. On the other hand, the executive functioning variables evaluated are visual and auditory memory, visual and auditory attention, and visual and auditory planning and inhibition. After evaluation, it is checked that Fragile X Syndrome resembles to Mental Retardation and …
Diagrammatic expansion for positive density-response spectra: Application to the electron gas
2015
In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. B 90, 115134 (2014)] we put forward a diagrammatic expansion for the self-energy which guarantees the positivity of the spectral function. In this work we extend the theory to the density response function. We write the generic diagram for the density-response spectrum as the sum of partitions. In a partition the original diagram is evaluated using time-ordered Green's functions (GF) on the left-half of the diagram, antitime-ordered GF on the right-half of the diagram and lesser or greater GF gluing the two halves. As there exist more than one way to cut a diagram in two halves, to every diagram corresponds more than one partition. We recognize that the most co…
The Linguistic Continua
2022
There is no doubt that there are inferential chains that break, and sometimes break suddenly. For instance, provided p and q are synonyms, that is, their respective meanings are contextually indistinguishable under the definition.
A Formal Skeleton of Commonsense Reasoning
2022
After referring several times to Commonsense or Ordinary Reasoning, let’s devote a few pages to present a (minimal) mathematical model of it that can be seen as the ‘Skeleton’ of Reasoning, since it is defined by a set of few, simple laws appearing in the models of particular and specialized modes of reasoning like, for instance: Boolean Algebras for the reasoning with precise concepts; Orto-modular lattices for the reasoning with the concepts of Quantum Physics; and also in the so called Algebras of Fuzzy Sets for the reasoning with imprecise concepts, and among them De Morgan-Kleene algebras. All these models have interesting applications.
Le «31 biblioteche più belle del mondo». Dalla Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial di Madrid al trasferimento, nella nuova s…
2021
Gabriella De Marco propone un saggio sulla centralità dell'istituzione biblioteca nella società contemporanea. Il contributo, che prosegue alcuni precedenti progetti di ricerca avviati dall'autrice sin dai primi anni duemila, è centrato sullo spazio abitabile e sul potenziale identitario di un edificio. Punto di partenza del suo ragionamento è il presupposto che lo spazio misurabile è anche spazio mentale. Ciò attiva una serie di considerazioni legate al rapporto tra il tempo della storia e il tempo del fruitore. Un edificio, pertanto, e nello specifico una biblioteca sia pubblica o privata sia nazionale o di quartiere, si percepisce ed esiste anche nel tempo soggettivo di chi la fruisce.
Relation between Social Conservatism, Moral Competence, Moral Orientations, and the Importance of Moral Foundations
2017
AbstractThis paper examines the relation between moral competence, moral orientations, importance of moral foundations, and political orientation, by combining two theoretical approaches in moral psychology--the cognitive perspective and social-intuitionist perspective. The participants (Study 1 N=348, aged 18 to 67, and Study 2 N = 361, aged 16 to 74) completed the Moral Competence Test (formerly Moral Judgment Test, Lind, 1978, 2008), the 30-Item Full Version of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (Graham, Haidt & Nosek, 2008), and measurements of political orientation (a seven-point self-evaluation scale in study 1 and an 8-item social conservatism scale in Study 2). There was a nega…