Search results for "reasoning"

showing 10 items of 371 documents

Knowledge Acquisition from Multiple Experts Based on Semantics of Concepts

1999

This paper presents one approach to acquire knowledge from multiple experts. The experts are grouped into a multilevel hierarchical structure, according to the type of knowledge acquired. The first level consists of experts who have knowledge about the basic objects and their relationships. The second level of experts includes those who have knowledge about the relationships of the experts at the first level and each higher level accordingly. We show how to derive the most supported opinion among the experts at each level. This is used to order the experts into categories of their competence defined as the support they get from their colleagues.

Multiple expertsKnowledge representation and reasoningComputer sciencebusiness.industryConceptual graphDomain knowledgeArtificial intelligencebusinessCompetence (human resources)Data scienceKnowledge acquisition
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What effect can manual therapy have on a patient's pain experience?

2015

Manual therapy (MT) is a passive, skilled movement applied by clinicians that directly or indirectly targets a variety of anatomical structures or systems, which is utilized with the intent to create beneficial changes in some aspect of the patient pain experience. Collectively, the process of MT is grounded on clinical reasoning to enhance patient management for musculoskeletal pain by influencing factors from a multidimensional perspective that have potential to positively impact clinical outcomes. The influence of biomechanical, neurophysiological, psychological and nonspecific patient factors as treatment mediators and/or moderators provides additional information related to the proces…

Musculoskeletal painMalemedicine.medical_specialtyCerebral Cortex/physiopathologyAnatomical structuresPhysical medicine and rehabilitationHealthcare deliveryMusculoskeletal PainSpinal Cord/physiopathologyMedicineAnimalsHumansPhysical Therapy ModalitiesCerebral CortexPain experienceClinical Trials as TopicPain Perception/physiologybusiness.industryMusculoskeletal Pain/metabolismPerspective (graphical)Clinical reasoningPain PerceptionGeneral MedicinePain managementVariety (cybernetics)Treatment OutcomeSpinal CordPerspectiveFemaleManual therapyInflammation Mediatorsbusiness
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Conceptual and epistemological difficulties of future teachers of physics and chemistry in the energetic explanations of physical and chemical phenom…

2016

En este trabajo analizamos las dificultades conceptuales y epistemológicas que tienen sobre termoquímica estudiantes universitarios de los últimos cursos de Física, Química e Ingeniería Química. Para ello se han aplicado a una muestra de 35 de estos futuros profesores dos cuestionarios sobre efectos térmicos en fenómenos físicos y químicos que han de explicar y se han categorizado sus respuestas según los razonamientos usados. Se ha constatado que la mayoría de los estudiantes no saben delimitar en el nivel macroscópico los sistemas que interaccionan, no utilizan el concepto de energía interna ni la primera ley de la termodinámica en los procesos físicos y químicos. Muy pocos de estos profe…

Niveles macroscópico y submicroscópicoRazonamientos espontáneosNivells macroscòpic i submicroscópicSpontaneous reasoningProfesores en formaciónEpistemological difficultiesThermochemistryRaonaments espontanisEducationProfessors en formacióMacroscopic and submicroscopic levelsepistemological difficulties; thermochemistry; trainee teachers; spontaneous reasoning; macroscopic and submicroscopic levelsdificultades epistemológicas; termoquímica; profesores en formación; razonamientos espontáneos; niveles macroscópico y submicroscópicodificultats epistemològiques; termoquímica; professors en formació; raonaments espontanis; nivells macroscòpic i submicroscópicDificultats epistemològiquesTrainee teachersTermoquímicaDificultades epistemológicas
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Active Learning of Recursive Functions by Ultrametric Algorithms

2014

We study active learning of classes of recursive functions by asking value queries about the target function f, where f is from the target class. That is, the query is a natural number x, and the answer to the query is f(x). The complexity measure in this paper is the worst-case number of queries asked. We prove that for some classes of recursive functions ultrametric active learning algorithms can achieve the learning goal by asking significantly fewer queries than deterministic, probabilistic, and even nondeterministic active learning algorithms. This is the first ever example of a problem where ultrametric algorithms have advantages over nondeterministic algorithms.

Nondeterministic algorithmTheoretical computer scienceActive learning (machine learning)Probabilistic logicNatural numberFunction (mathematics)Inductive reasoningUltrametric spaceAlgorithmMathematicsRandomized algorithm
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La conciencia moral desde una perspectiva neuroética. De Darwin a Kant

2017

The personal moral conscience is one of the keystones of moral life. Darwin went as far as to claim that this constitutes the most important difference between man and the lower animals. Yet the most relevant philosophical proposals of our times (Rawls, Habermas) do not expressly deal with this, perhaps because, as Aranguren said, they gave priority to intersubjective ethics over intrasubjective ethics. Without reconstructing that intrasubjective ethics, however, both personal and social life is watered down. In this work an attempt is made to explain what personal moral conscience consists of, what its neurobiological foundations are, and whether these are enough to explain its irreplaceab…

Normative ethicsmedia_common.quotation_subjectPhilosophy05 social sciencesMoral reasoning010501 environmental sciences01 natural sciencesEpistemologySocial lifePhilosophyDarwin (ADL)0502 economics and businessMoral psychology050203 business & managementConscience0105 earth and related environmental sciencesmedia_commonPensamiento. Revista de Investigación e Información Filosófica
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Adaptación y validación en población española del PROM: una medida objetiva del razonamiento moral prosocial [Adaptation and validation of prom in a …

2002

The assessment of pro-social moral reasoning through objective measurement is considered an important attainment in pro-social development research in recent decades. Based on N. Eisenberg's theory, PROM (Carlo et al., 1992) can objectively measure reasoning cognitive processes related to pro-social behaviour. This paper presents the adaptation and accreditation of this instrument for a Spanish adolescent population. The randomisation of the selected sample, its wide scope, and the reliability and validity of the results obtained make PROM a suitable instrument for evaluating the different pro-social reasoning types related to aid conduct amongst adolescents.

Objective measurementCognitionGeneral MedicinePromMoral reasoningPsychologySocial psychologyReliability (statistics)Adolescent populationAccreditationAcción Psicológica
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On the Temporal Dynamics of Tool Use

2020

Opinion050105 experimental psychologylcsh:RC321-57103 medical and health sciencesBehavioral Neuroscience0302 clinical medicinemotor control0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesAffordancelcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryBiological PsychiatryCognitive sciencetechnical reasoning05 social sciencesMotor controlHuman NeuroscienceaffordancePsychiatry and Mental healthtool useNeuropsychology and Physiological PsychologyNeurologyembodied cognitionEmbodied cognitionDynamics (music)Psychology030217 neurology & neurosurgeryFrontiers in Human Neuroscience
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A framework for sign language sentence recognition by common sense context

2007

This correspondence proposes a complete framework for sign language recognition that integrates a commonsense engine in order to deal with sentence recognition. The proposed system is based on a multilevel architecture that allows modeling and managing of the knowledge of the recognition process in a simple and robust way. The final abstraction level of this architecture introduces the semantic context and the analysis of the correctness of a sentence given in a sequence of recognized signs. Experimentations are presented using a set of signs from the Italian sign language (LIS) for domotic applications. The implemented system maintains a high recognition rate when the set of signs grows, c…

PhraseItalian Sign LanguageComputer scienceSpeech recognitionNatural language interfaceneural networks.Context (language use)Image motion analysiSign languagecomputer.software_genreimage motion analysisKnowledge-based systemsElectrical and Electronic EngineeringCommonsense reasoningbusiness.industryCommonsense reasoningnatural language interfaceslanguage.human_languageComputer Science ApplicationsHuman-Computer InteractionControl and Systems EngineeringGesture recognitionlanguageArtificial intelligencebusinesscomputerSoftwareSentenceNatural languageNatural language processingNeural networksInformation Systems
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Search for excited leptons in Z0 decay

1990

Due to the severity of system-wide power outages, though their probability of occurrence is slight, regulatory authorities require that a system restoration plan be drawn up and kept up to date at all times. The power outage that affected northeastern North America in 2003 proved the need for such a requirement. The particular structure of Hydro-Quebec's power system requires the use of a highly specific system restoration procedure. The daily preparation of the system restoration plan is based on a strategy whose application requires that a restoration sequence be drawn up that uses available equipment, the electrical behavior of which has been validated using appropriate studies. Over the…

PhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsParticle physicsOperations researchbusiness.industryKnowledge engineeringPlan (drawing)Asset (computer security)Electric power systemSoftwareKnowledge baseCase-based reasoningUnavailabilitybusinessParticle Physics - Experiment
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Theories relating baryon asymmetry and dark matter

2014

The nature of dark matter and the origin of the baryon asymmetry are two of the deepest mysteries of modern particle physics. In the absence of hints regarding a possible solution to these mysteries, many approaches have been developed to tackle them simultaneously leading to very diverse and rich models. We give a short review where we describe the general features of some of these models and an overview on the general problem. We also propose a diagrammatic notation to label the different models.

PhysicsParticle physicsleptogenesisdark matterWIMP010308 nuclear & particles physicsMaterials Science (miscellaneous)General problemPhysicsDark matterBiophysicsGeneral Physics and AstronomyNotation01 natural sciencesDiagrammatic reasoningBaryon asymmetryLeptogenesisasymmetric dark matter0103 physical sciencesbaryon asymmetryddc:530electroweak phase transitionPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry010306 general physicsMathematical Physics
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