Search results for "reasoning"
showing 10 items of 371 documents
Inductive inference of recursive functions: Qualitative theory
2005
This survey contains both old and very recent results in non-quantitative aspects of inductive inference of total recursive functions. The survey is not complete. The paper was written to stress some of the main results in selected directions of research performed at the University of Latvia rather than to exhaust all of the obtained results. We concentrated on the more explored areas such as the inference of indices in non-Goedel computable numberings, the inference of minimal Goedel numbers, and the specifics of inference of minimal indices in Kolmogorov numberings.
Demonstration of Semantic Web-based Medical Ontologies and Clinical Decision Support Systems
2016
Master's thesis in Information- and communication technology IKT590 - University of Agder 2016 Konfidensiell til / confidential until 01.01.2022
The Trolley Method of Moral Philosophy
2012
The hypothetical scenarios generally known as trolley problems have become widespread in recent moral philosophy. They invariably require an agent to choose one of a strictly limited number of options, all of them bad. Although they don’t always involve trolleys / trams, and are used to make a wide variety of points, what makes it justified to speak of a distinctive “trolley method” is the characteristic assumption that the intuitive reactions that all these artificial situations elicit constitute an appropriate guide to real-life moral reasoning. I dispute this assumption by arguing that trolley cases inevitably constrain the supposed rescuers into behaving in ways that clearly deviate fro…
Actitudes religiosas, Valores y Razonamiento Moral Prosocial en una muestra adolescente
2017
Objetivo: estudiar la relación existente entre la religiosidad, los valores y el razonamiento moral prosocial de estudiantes de secundaria. La primera hipótesis que se pretende comprobar es si la religiosidad es capaz de predecir algún tipo específico de razonamiento moral prosocial (RMP). La segunda hipótesis trata de investigar si la religiosidad está relacionada con los valores de la escala de Rockeach. Metodología: la muestra utilizada está compuesta por 421 adolescentes de entre 13 y 18 años. Se han llevado a cabo modelos de regresión múltiple y pruebas MANOVA. Resultados: según los modelos de regresión múltiple, se concluyó que los estudiantes que dan menos importancia a Dios en sus v…
Knowledge Representation and Cognitive Skills in Problem Solving
2017
This paper offers a programmatic view on the study of cross-linguistic variation and its effects on human cognitive skills. Based on Linguistic Typology and its methodology to account for cross-linguistic differences (section 2), it will show how the presence or absence of certain grammatical categories enhances or inhibits specific skills in the domain of quantification (section 3). In its main part (section 4), it will show how to describe structural differences between the source and the target language in translation and how to find out if these differences affect the performance of students in knowledge assessment tests. For that purpose, it will compare the English and the Japanese ve…
Systematic classification of two-loop realizations of the Weinberg operator
2015
We systematically analyze the $d=5$ Weinberg operator at 2-loop order. Using a diagrammatic approach, we identify two different interesting categories of neutrino mass models: (i) Genuine 2-loop models for which both, tree-level and 1-loop contributions, are guaranteed to be absent. And (ii) finite 2-loop diagrams, which correspond to the 1-loop generation of some particular vertex appearing in a given 1-loop neutrino mass model, thus being effectively 2-loop. From the large list of all possible 2-loop diagrams, the vast majority are infinite corrections to lower order neutrino mass models and only a moderately small number of diagrams fall into these two interesting classes. Moreover, all …
$$PO^2$$ - A Process and Observation Ontology in Food Science. Application to Dairy Gels
2016
This paper focuses on the knowledge representation task for an interdisciplinary project called Delicious concerning the production and transformation processes in food science. The originality of this project is to combine data from different disciplines like food composition, food structure, sensorial perception and nutrition. Available data sets are described using different vocabularies and are stored in different formats. Therefore there is a need to define an ontology, called \(PO^2\) (Process and Observation Ontology), as a common and standardized vocabulary for this project. The scenario 6 of the NeON methodology was used for building \(PO^2\) and the core component is implemented i…
Conceptual graph operations for formal visual reasoning in the medical domain
2014
International audience; Objective - Conceptual graphs (CGs) are used to represent clinical guidelines because they support visual reasoning with a logical background, making them a potentially valuable representation for guidelines.Materials and methods - Conceptual graph formalism has an essential and basic component: a formal vocabulary that drives all of the other mechanisms, notably specialization and projection. The graph's theoretical operations, such as projection, rules, derivation, constraints, probabilities and uncertainty, support diagrammatic reasoning.Results - A conceptual graph's graphical user interface includes a multilingual vocabulary management, some query and decision-m…
Ontology languages for the semantic web: A never completely updated review
2006
This paper gives a never completely account of approaches that have been used for the research community for representing knowledge. After underlining the importance of a layered approach and the use of standards, it starts with early efforts used for artificial intelligence researchers. Then recent approaches, aimed mainly at the semantic web, are described. Coding examples from the literature are presented in both sections. Finally, the semantic web ontology creation process, as we envision it, is introduced.
Domain Specific Knowledge Representation for an Intelligent Tutoring System to Teach Algebraic Reasoning
2012
Translation of word problems into symbolic notation is one of the most challenging steps in learning the algebraic method. This paper describes a domain-specific knowledge representation mechanism to support Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) which focus on this stage of the problem solving process. The description language proposed is based on the concept of a hypergraph and makes it possible to simultaneously a) represent all potential algebraic solutions to a given word problem; b) keep track of the student's actions; c) provide automatic remediation; and d) unequivocally determine the current state of the resolution process. An experimental evaluation with students at a public school su…