Search results for "reciprocity"

Assortment, but not knowledge of assortment, affects cooperation and individual success in human groups

2017

The success or failure of human collective action often depends on the cooperation tendencies of individuals in groups, and on the information that individuals have about each other's cooperativeness. However, it is unclear whether these two factors have an interactive effect on cooperation dynamics. Using a decision-making experiment, we confirm that groups comprising individuals with higher cooperation tendencies cooperate at a higher level than groups comprising individuals with low cooperation tendencies. Moreover, assorting individuals with similar cooperation tendency together affected behaviour so that the most cooperative individuals tended to cooperate more and the least cooperativ…

Gérer la haine, fabriquer l’ennemi. Grecs et Carthaginois en Sicile entre les Ve et IVe siècles av. J.-C.

2012

Managing hate, creating the enemy. Greeks and Carthaginians in Sicily between the Vth and IVth century B. C. This paper’s aim is to consider the historiographic perception of the Carthaginians as the typical and utmost enemy of the Greeks in Sicily, between the end of the Vth and the beginning of the IVth century B. C. The focus is put on the ways the enemy is fabricated and hate managed, through the peculiar part given the Carthaginians by Diodorus in the sieges of Selinous and Motya. In these narratives, the role of hate is fundamental to define the relationship between cultural identity and alterity and between reciprocity and asymmetry.

Il dilemma tra amore e onore. Reciprocità e modelli etici in Catullo 76 e in Properzio (Elegie 2,23; 2,24A-B-C-)

2018

Poem 76 is probably the most significant text, among Catullan compositions, for investigating the issues of reciprocity-in-love and honour, which dispose the poet’s world. This paper aims to focus the debate between "benefacta" and "gratia", in comparison with some Propertian elegies that seem to propose very different solutions to the same ethical dispute, whether honour is better than love, or not.

Reciprocity, matching and conditional cooperation in two public goods games

2005

Previous experimental and empirical evidence has identified social preferences in the voluntary provision of public goods. A number of competing models of such preferences have been proposed. We provide evidence for one model of behavior in these games, reciprocity (or matching, or conditional cooperation). Consistent with previous research, we find that participants in the voluntary contribution mechanism attempt to match the contributions of others in their group. We also examine participants in a related game with different equilibria, the weakest-link mechanism. Here, in contrast, participants contribute so as to match the minimum contribution of others in their group.

Magneto-electric laminates free vibration characterization by dual reciprocity BEM

2010

Membership negotiation in the first workplace : newcomers' experiences

2020

PurposeThis qualitative study aims to understand young professional newcomers' experiences of communication processes in membership negotiation in their first workplace after graduation.Design/methodology/approachInstead of a one-time interview, the participants were contacted five to ten times during the three to ten months, beginning when they entered the workplace. The data were analyzed using a constant comparative method.FindingsThree communication processes during membership negotiation were identified: developing reciprocity, seeking and perceiving acceptance and becoming an active member. To experience membership, newcomers need to achieve acceptance and engage in reciprocal communi…

BEM analysis of a piezoelectric structural health monitoring system for delamination detection

2013

In the present work a piezoelectric based structural health monitoring (SHM) system is analyzed with the aim of assessing the ability of the piezoelectric patch to detect both edge and embedded delaminations proper of flange-skin composite laminated structures. he boundary element model is developed for piezoelectric solids and is implemented by taking advantage of the multidomain technique to model laminated and cracked configurations. A non-linear spring model interface is then implemented in conjunction with an iterative procedure allowing for the simulation of the finite stiffness of the bonding layers as well as of the non-penetration condition of the delamination surfaces. he dynamic …

Sociology of Ethnic Multiculturalism: crisis of integration, identity, reciprocity,governance

2012

When a multiethnic society can be defined multicultural? The analysis proposed in this book aims to contribute to the understanding of integration policies, of trends and their effects on social, economic and political , and the influence they have on migration politics. The analysis is also based on the political and cultural debate regarding the failure (or decline) of Western models of integration. The ipothesis supported in this work is that the alleged failure of multiculturalism on the basis of ethnicity, especially in Europe, reflecting a social political crisis of the western countries, that being immature to develop postmodern values of coexistence between each other; on the one ha…

Effects of Inequality on Trust and Reciprocity: An Experiment With Real Effort

2021

The purpose of this paper is analyzing whether trust and reciprocity are affected by how rich the partner is or how well the partner performed several tasks with real effort. A trust game (TG) experiment is designed with three treatments. First, a baseline Treatment B in which subjects play a finitely repeated TG. Second, in a Treatment H with history, subjects know the partner’s wealth level reached in the past. Third, in a Treatment E with effort the individual endowment with which the TG is played is endogenous and results from the subject’s performance in three different real effort tasks (maths, cognitive and general knowledge related). The data analysis highlights the importance of pa…

Pauperem praeferam: Beneficentia e dono ai poveri tra Cicerone e Seneca

2018

L’articolo si propone di esaminare il significato specifico della beneficentia a Roma antica in rapporto alla rivalutazione del ruolo degli inopes come destinatari delle forme di liberalitas all’interno della rappresentazione fornita da Cicerone nel De officiis e da Seneca nel De beneficiis. Se Cicerone rivendica l’utilità del dono ai poveri (purché meritevoli) evidenziando come esso comporti un ritorno non solo in termini di riconoscenza ma anche di gloria (Off. 2, 63; 69-71), Seneca si serve dell’apologo di Eschine (Ben. 1, 8-9) per dimostrare come il pauper, benché privo di mezzi, possa trovare in se stesso le risorse più adeguate al contraccambio virtuoso. Seneca fa un passo ulteriore t…