Search results for "reciprocity"
showing 10 items of 106 documents
A fast solver for nonlocal electrostatic theory in biomolecular science and engineering
2011
Biological molecules perform their functions surrounded by water and mobile ions, which strongly influence molecular structure and behavior. The electrostatic interactions between a molecule and solvent are particularly difficult to model theoretically, due to the forces' long range and the collective response of many thousands of solvent molecules. The dominant modeling approaches represent the two extremes of the trade-off between molecular realism and computational efficiency: all-atom molecular dynamics in explicit solvent, and macroscopic continuum theory (the Poisson or Poisson--Boltzmann equation). We present the first fast-solver implementation of an advanced nonlocal continuum theo…
Vapaaehtoistyöntekijöiden kokemuksia vastavuoroisuudesta ikääntyneiden ihmisten vapaaehtoistyössä
2019
Sosiaalisen vaihdon teorian mukaan vastavuoroisuus on tärkeää ikääntyneiden ihmisten suhteissa. Vapaaehtoistyössä vastavuoroisuus on oleellista, mutta sitä ei ole juuri tutkittu eläkeikäisten vapaaehtoistyöntekijöiden kannalta. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, kuinka eläkeikäiset vapaaehtoistyöntekijät kokevat vastavuoroisuuden vapaaehtoistyössä. Kolme kuukautta kestäneen toimintajakson aikana vapaaehtoistyöntekijät auttoivat liikkumiskyvyn ongelmista kärsiviä ikäihmisiä osallistumaan kodin ulkopuoliseen toimintaan osana Vapaaehtoistyö, ulkoliikunta ja vanhusten hyvinvointi (VAU) -tutkimushanketta. Tämän laadullisen osatutkimuksen 17 osallistujaa olivat 61 - 72-vuotiaita. Tutki…
Dynamical and current-induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction: Role for damping, gyromagnetism, and current-induced torques in noncollinear magnets
2020
Both applied electric currents and magnetization dynamics modify the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), which we call current-induced DMI (CIDMI) and dynamical DMI (DDMI), respectively. We report a theory of CIDMI and DDMI. The inverse of CIDMI consists in charge pumping by a time-dependent gradient of magnetization ${\ensuremath{\partial}}^{2}\mathbit{M}(\mathbit{r},t)/\ensuremath{\partial}\mathbit{r}\ensuremath{\partial}t$, while the inverse of DDMI describes the torque generated by ${\ensuremath{\partial}}^{2}\mathbit{M}(\mathbit{r},t)/\ensuremath{\partial}\mathbit{r}\ensuremath{\partial}t$. In noncollinear magnets, CIDMI and DDMI depend on the local magnetization direction. The re…
Gérer la haine, fabriquer l’ennemi. Grecs et Carthaginois en Sicile entre les Ve et IVe siècles av. J.-C.
2012
Managing hate, creating the enemy. Greeks and Carthaginians in Sicily between the Vth and IVth century B. C. This paper’s aim is to consider the historiographic perception of the Carthaginians as the typical and utmost enemy of the Greeks in Sicily, between the end of the Vth and the beginning of the IVth century B. C. The focus is put on the ways the enemy is fabricated and hate managed, through the peculiar part given the Carthaginians by Diodorus in the sieges of Selinous and Motya. In these narratives, the role of hate is fundamental to define the relationship between cultural identity and alterity and between reciprocity and asymmetry.
The many faces of human sociality: uncovering the distribution and stability of social preferences
2018
There is vast heterogeneity in the human willingness to weigh others' interests in decision making. This heterogeneity concerns the motivational intricacies as well as the strength of other-regarding behaviors, and raises the question how one can parsimoniously model and characterize heterogeneity across several dimensions of social preferences while still being able to predict behavior over time and across situations. We tackle this task with an experiment and a structural model of preferences that allows us to simultaneously estimate outcome-based and reciprocity-based social preferences. We find that non-selfish preferences are the rule rather than the exception. Neither at the level of …
BEM analysis of a piezoelectric structural health monitoring system for delamination detection
2013
In the present work a piezoelectric based structural health monitoring (SHM) system is analyzed with the aim of assessing the ability of the piezoelectric patch to detect both edge and embedded delaminations proper of flange-skin composite laminated structures. he boundary element model is developed for piezoelectric solids and is implemented by taking advantage of the multidomain technique to model laminated and cracked configurations. A non-linear spring model interface is then implemented in conjunction with an iterative procedure allowing for the simulation of the finite stiffness of the bonding layers as well as of the non-penetration condition of the delamination surfaces. he dynamic …
Trade and Interlegality
2019
The idea that the WTO legal system and its institutional bodies (especially the judicial branch) have developed a single-sided ides of what is good and would attempt to impose a deep-rooted liberalization agenda on the rest of world is hardly corroborated by an empirical analysis. Quite the contrary, recourse to a series of legal techniques has made it possible to leave open a space for reciprocal understanding and debate with other circuits of legality.
Deterministic versus probabilistic consequences of trust and trustworthiness: An experimental investigation
2014
Abstract There is overwhelming evidence of reciprocal behavior, driven by intentions. However, the role of consequences is less clear cut. Experimentally manipulating how efficient trust and reciprocity can be in deterministic and uncertain environments allows us to study how payoff consequences of trust and trustworthiness affect reciprocity. According to the results for our modified Investment Game, trustees reward trust more when trust is more efficient but do not adjust rewards when the efficiency of rewarding is varied. Furthermore, higher deterministic benefits result in higher levels of reciprocity for all trust levels, whereas an uncertain environment diminishes reciprocity.
The Economy of Communion as a Social Innovation to Humanise Business
2018
The purpose of this chapter is to better understand the growth of EoC, analysing this movement from the perspective of social innovation and examining the innovative activities of EoC businesses. We have found that EoC is based on solid values and principles, and has a clear objective, which is to fight for a better world, eliminating poverty. Companies inspired by human-oriented management practices are those which move to achieve this objective. We argue in this chapter that EoC is a radical social innovation, as it is social in both its ends and its means, meeting social needs and creating new social relationships and collaborations. This paper analyses three Spanish EoC companies, using…
Active Learning on Trust and Reciprocity for Undergraduates
2019
We propose a teaching activity aimed at promoting social values, such as trust and reciprocity, among undergraduate students in economics and related degrees. We present our pilot experience of what we call RED&ndash