Search results for "redistribution"

The Effects of Fiscal Redistribution

2016

Is an Increase of the Fiscal Budget at EMU level Desirable?

2005

The birth of the European Monetary Union (EMU) has determined the creation of a common currency, the Euro, but unlike other monetary unions, the EMU does not have a central fiscal authority. The role of fiscal policy is left to the responsibility of the governments of the EMU member States. The new architecture modifies the assignment of the instruments to the objectives, especially those of stabilization. The loss of the sovereignty of monetary policy and exchange rate control by the individual member states has determined the inability to use two important instruments of insurance against the risks of shocks. Moreover, the Treaty of Maastricht and the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) could…

Hot-electron noise suppression in n-Si via the Hall effect

2008

We investigate how hot-electron fluctuations in n-type Si are affected by the presence of an intense (static) magnetic field in a Hall geometry. By using the Monte Carlo method, we find that the known Hall-effect-induced redistribution of electrons among valleys can suppress electron fluctuations with a simultaneous enhancement of the drift velocity. We investigate how hot-electron fluctuations in n-type Si are affected by the presence of an intense (static) magnetic field in a Hall geometry. By using the Monte Carlo method, we find that the known Hall-effect-induced redistribution of electrons among valleys can suppress electron fluctuations with a simultaneous enhancement of the drift vel…

Redistribution of solid inclusions in the turbulent flow of metallurgical induction furnaces

2012

First principles hybrid DFT calculations of BaTiO3/SrTiO3(001) interface

2015

Abstract We present a first-principles study of BaTiO 3 /SrTiO 3 (001) interfaces taking into account non-stoichiometric compositions. By means of hybrid exchange–correlation functional within density functional theory (DFT) we demonstrate that charge redistribution in the interface region weakly affects the electronic structure of studied material, while change in the stoichiometry (termination of deposited BaTiO 3 (001) thin film) yields in significant shifts of band edges. The optical band gap of BaTiO 3 /SrTiO 3 (001) interface depends mostly on BaO or TiO 2 termination of the upper layer. Based on results of our calculations we predict enhancement of the Ti–O chemical bond covalency ne…

New CpCrCl2(PR3) complexes: physical properties and reduction chemistry

1998

Abstract Compounds CpCrCl2L ( L = PMe 2 Ph , 1 , PMePh 2 , 2 ; PPh 3 , 3 ) have been prepared. Their magnetic moment is in accord with the presence of three unpaired electron and a variable temperature 1H NMR investigation of 1 shows Curie-Weiss behavior. The 1H NMR, EPR and UV-visible spectra are in agreement with those of other previously reported compounds of the same family. An electrochemical investigation shows the accessibility of an irreversible reduction process. A parallel sodium reduction investigation of complexes CpCrCl2L (L = PMe3 and η1-dppe) suggests tjat the reduction process is followed by immediate chloride loss, and then by a ligand redistribution process to afford chrom…

Hydrogen induced metallization of ZnO (11̅00) surface: Ab initio study

2014

Abstract Results of first principles hybrid calculations are presented for hydrogen atoms adsorbed upon non-polar ZnO (1100) surface. The energy of surface atomic relaxation, H adsorption energy, electronic density redistribution and modification of the electronic structure are discussed. It is shown that hydrogen is adsorbed mainly on the surface oxygen ions and forms a strong bonding with them (2.7 eV). Adsorption of hydrogen on the surface zinc ions is energetically unfavorable (− 4.4 eV). It also shown that surface hydrogen atoms are very shallow donors, thus, contributing to the electronic conductivity, and ZnO metallization.

The neorepublican challenge to egalitarian-liberalism: evaluating justifications of redistributive institutions

2019

Neorepublicans like Philip Pettit and Frank Lovett claim that neorepublicanism provides a superior normative research program compared to egalitarian-liberalism. Particularly, they argue that neore...

Can stability of foreign aid agreement reduce global income inequality?

2017

Abstract Global initiatives on debt relief call for increasing foreign aid assistance to alleviate income inequality. But the potential gains from foreign aid policy coordination may be limited by the willing participation of diverse and self-interested donor countries. If stability of the foreign aid agreement does not occur, then aid effectiveness fails. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of the stability of foreign aid agreement on income redistribution amongst countries. The findings show that stability has positive effects on income mobility from the rich to the poorest countries reducing global income inequality.

Education in Rwanda. Rebalancing Resources to Accelerate Post-Conflict Development and Poverty Reduction

2003

International audience; Rwanda's recent history was marred by genocide in 1994, in which at least ten percent of the population lost their lives. Rebuilding the stock of human capital is an important part of the rehabilitation process, where the government has made efforts to broaden access to education, and enhance the quality of services. On the international stage, the education sector has also come into the limelight, specifically under the 2000 United Nations Millennium Declaration, and, the foregoing context presents clear challenges for education managers. The purpose of this report is to provide a factual basis for discussion. Noteworthy are the efforts to reduce grade repetition in…