Search results for "reflection"
showing 10 items of 645 documents
Towards an Understanding of the Causes of Difficulties in Debugging
2018
Debugging remains one of the areas that have seen little progress since the early days of programming. We argue that the academic approach of observational studies is incapable of capturing the essence of debugging in complex software. Instead, reflections by programmers may provide a better description of the debugging nature and challenges. In this article, we describe a study where we capture the reflections of programmers on thorny bugs that exemplify the major sources of difficulties in debugging. More importantly, we provide suggestions on what could have been done to avoid such thorny bugs from occurring with the same level of difficulties. As a major conclusion, we argue that the be…
Determination of lidocaine in urine at low ppm levels using dispersive microextraction and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared me…
2015
Abstract IR spectra provide valuable information about biological systems and can be obtained with compactable and affordable instruments, but the lack of sensitivity of this technique hampers its use in the determination of drugs in clinical fluids. Taking lidocaine as a target molecule, in this paper we introduced a methodology for determining drugs in urine samples using infrared spectroscopy. The lack of sensitivity of the IR was compensated with the combination of an effective and straightforward dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and the measurement of the dry film of the organic extracts through attenuated total reflectance (ATR). The method developed improves the sensitivity b…
Nondestructive Direct Determination of Heroin in Seized Illicit Street Drugs by Diffuse Reflectance near-Infrared Spectroscopy
2008
A new method has been developed for the fast and nondestructive direct determination of heroin in seized street illicit drugs using partial least-squares regression analysis of diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectra. Data were obtained from untreated samples placed in standard glass chromatography vials. A heterogeneous population of 31 samples, previously analyzed by a reference method, was employed to build the calibration model and to have a separated validation set. Based on the use of zero-order data for a calibration set of 21 samples, after standard normal variate and quadratic linear removed baseline correction (detrending), in the wavelength range from 1111 to 1647 nm, 8 PLS fac…
Testing of the region of Murcia soils by near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and chemometrics.
2008
A partial least squares near infrared (PLS-NIR) method has been developed for the determination of several physicochemical parameters in soils from different locations of the Region of Murcia. The method was based on the proper chemometric treatment of diffuse reflectance spectra of soil samples. Reflectance spectra were scanned from samples stored in glass vials in the NIR region between 800 and 2600 nm, averaging 36 scans per spectrum at a resolution of 8 cm(-1). Models were built using reference data of 39 samples selected from a dendrogram obtained after hierarchical cluster analysis of NIR spectra of soils and prediction parameters were established from a validation set of 109 addition…
Partition function of the trigonometric SOS model with reflecting end
2010
We compute the partition function of the trigonometric SOS model with one reflecting end and domain wall type boundary conditions. We show that in this case, instead of a sum of determinants obtained by Rosengren for the SOS model on a square lattice without reflection, the partition function can be represented as a single Izergin determinant. This result is crucial for the study of the Bethe vectors of the spin chains with non-diagonal boundary terms.
Stepping molecular motor amid Lévy white noise
2015
We consider a model of a stepping molecular motor consisting of two connected heads. Directional motion of the stepper takes place along a one-dimensional track. Each head is subject to a periodic potential without spatial reflection symmetry. When the potential for one head is switched on, it is switched off for the other head. Additionally, the system is subject to the influence of symmetric, white Lévy noise that mimics the action of external random forcing. The stepper exhibits motion with a preferred direction which is examined by analyzing the median of the displacement of a midpoint between the positions of the two heads. We study the modified dynamics of the stepper by numerical sim…
Lévy processes in bounded domains: path-wise reflection scenarios and signatures of confinement
2022
We discuss an impact of various (path-wise) reflection-from-the barrier scenarios upon confining properties of a paradigmatic family of symmetric $\alpha $-stable L\'{e}vy processes, whose permanent residence in a finite interval on a line is secured by a two-sided reflection. Depending on the specific reflection "mechanism", the inferred jump-type processes differ in their spectral and statistical characteristics, like e.g. relaxation properties, and functional shapes of invariant (equilibrium, or asymptotic near-equilibrium) probability density functions in the interval. The analysis is carried out in conjunction with attempts to give meaning to the notion of a reflecting L\'{e}vy process…
Inquiry-Based Approaches in Primary Science Teacher Education
2018
This chapter introduces an interactional graphic tool together with a model for inquiry-based science teaching (abbreviated as IBST). The combination of the graphic tool and model offers an approach to support the planning, implementation, reflection and analysis of dialogic IBST. The potential use is illustrated here using a case study in which student teachers used IBST to develop their teaching. The interactional graphic and the model are fundamentally related to three established approaches to science teaching: inquiry-based science teaching, dialogic teaching and the communicative approach. Together, these approaches draw attention to learner participation in inquiry-based science teac…
Integration of Pedagogical Knowledge in the Light of Questions about the Empirical Foundations of General Pedagogy and Understanding of the Concept o…
2018
The main purpose of the article is to show that the studies undertaken by pedagogues, regarding both the experimental foundations of pedagogy and generality, have some common points and that an in-depth reflection on those issues highlights the postulate to treat pedagogical knowledge in an integral manner. The first part presents the relationship between the issue of the empirical foundations of pedagogy and the problems of integrity of pedagogical knowledge; the second part – the relationship between the concept of generality and the problems of integrity, and the concluding part presents a proposed understanding of general pedagogy as integral pedagogy in which the approach towards both …
Student Mentoring in the Master Programme “Pedagogy”: the case of University of Latvia
2019
There is a developing interest in mentoring and tutoring in the higher education in Latvia. Mentoring is looked at as a retention strategy to support students to remain and continue studies and as a tool to prevent students’ drop out from the university. Since academic year 2016/2017 several programmes of tutoring and mentoring in basic studies (bachelor level studies)have been developed and financially supported at the University of Latvia, but so far mentoring has not been used for Master level students. The Master program “Pedagogy” includes a theoretical course “Methods of Mentoring at the Educational Institution”. Since academic year 2018/2019 new tasks were introduced for the second y…