Search results for "reform"
showing 10 items of 691 documents
Autorytet Biblii w tradycji ewangelickiej
2011
The Bible in protestant tradition inherits exceptional meaning. There is nothing else along with the Bible that would present of equal or similar value for evangelical theology. Highest merits for elaborating such great respect to the Holy Scripture shall be awarded to the Father of Reformation – Martin Luther. In accordance with the sola scriptura reformative rule formed by him, the only normative value in the life and faith of Evangelical Churches is presented by the Bible. Such position is adopted by all post-Reformation Churches continuously. The rejection of Magisterium Ecclesiae may however lead to the risk of polysemantic and subjective interpretation of biblical chapters by the wors…
Historyczny rozwój katolickiego obrazu Marcina Lutra
2018
Katolicki obraz Marcina Lutra na przestrzeni wieków ewoluował od zdecydowanie negatywnego w czasie reformacji i w wiekach następnych, poprzez próby teologicznie i historycznie pogłębionych analiz inspirowanych ruchem ekumenicznym, aż po współczesną akceptację wielu jego teologicznych postulatów. Współczesne kierunki rzymskokatolickiego myślenia o Lutrze dobrze streszczają historycznie wyważone i dogmatycznie pogłębione opinie ostatnich papieży: Jana Pawła II, Benedykta XVI i Franciszka. Idąc za tekstami uzgodnień Komisji luterańsko-katolickiej na forum światowym, ekumenicznie otwarci papieże potrafią dostrzec w Marcinie Lutrze człowieka głęboko religijnego, świadka Ewangelii, którego myśl t…
Poglądy gospodarcze Marcina Lutra
2018
The 500th anniversary of the Reformation gave a perfect opportunity to remind and reflect on the most important issues of its father, Martin Luther. Although the socio- -economic problems were not the main ideas of his teaching, the Reformer from Wittenberg quite frequently raised questions which concerned the following topics: property and wealth, fair price and usury, professional work and vocation. Obviously Martin Luther did not create any specific and coherent system of economic ethics, but his socio-ethical reflections remain until today an important basis for contemporary Evangelical business ethics characterized, among others, by: individualism, creativity, familiarity, patriotism, …
Ni-Based Catalysts for Low Temperature Methane Steam Reforming: Recent Results on Ni-Au and Comparison with Other Bi-Metallic Systems
2013
Steam reforming of light hydrocarbons provides a promising method for hydrogen production. Ni-based catalysts are so far the best and the most commonly used catalysts for steam reforming because of their acceptably high activity and significantly lower cost in comparison with alternative precious metal-based catalysts. However, nickel catalysts are susceptible to deactivation from the deposition of carbon, even when operating at steam-to-carbon ratios predicted to be thermodynamically outside of the carbon-forming regime. Reactivity and deactivation by carbon formation can be tuned by modifying Ni surfaces with a second metal, such as Au through alloy formation. In the present review, we su…
The Notion of Matter and the Reformation of Metaphysics
2015
An introduction to the proceedings of 2014 first CRF international conference in which the basis of the question of matter in contemporary age are discussed by taking reference to history of ancient and modern philosophy
Vēlēšanu sistēmas maiņas iespējamā ietekme uz 13 Saeimas vēlēšanu rezultātiem
2020
Latvija ir parlamentāra republika, ar spēcīgu likumdevēja varu. Latvijā esošā, proporcionālā vēlēšanu sistēma, tika pārņemta no starpkaru Latvijas Republikas laikiem, un 2018. gadā tika ievēlēta jau 13. Saeima. Laikā pēc neatkarības atgūšanas, proporcionālā vēlēšanu sistēma ir reformēta un uzlabota, bet diskusijas par vēlēšanu sistēmas maiņu aktualizējas pirms katrām vēlēšanām. Ir bijuši vairāki priekšlikumi radikāli mainīt esošo vēlēšanu sistēmu, veicot Satversmes grozījumus. 13. Saeimas vēlēšanu rezultāti un ilgais laiks, kas bija nepieciešams, lai izveidotu valdību, atkārtoti lika sabiedrībai uzdot jautājumu par vēlēšanu sistēmas maiņu. Darba autors, izmantojot 13. Saeimas vēlēšanu rezul…
Prima della riforma ospedaliera. Il sistema assistenziale di Palermo dai Normanni agli Aragonesi (XI-XV secolo)
2019
Il saggio ricostruisce le origini del sistema assistenziale palermitano nei secoli precedenti la riforma ospedaliera quattrocentesca. Attraverso la rilettura di fonti edite e l'utilizzo di documenti inediti, si rivedranno gli assunti di una storiografia erudita spesso non verificata. Seguendo le molteplici fasi vissute dalla città nel corso dei secoli, verranno distinte le realtà caritative legate all'arrivo e allo stabilizzarsi del potere normanno (secoli XI-XII) da quelle successive (secoli XIII-XV), frutto di dinamiche politiche, sociali e culturali del tutto differenti The essay reconstructs the origins of the Palermo assistance system before the Fifteenth-century hospital reform. Throu…
Lula, en un pais dependiente
2002
Evasion of Tax on Interest Income in a Two-Country Model
2001
t We consider a model where agents can invest money at home and abroad. Their total income comprises interest income from these investments and labor income. Tax on interest income can be evaded — at the risk of being detected and fined. We analyze the optimal portfolio and tax evading decisions of agents with different incomes. In a second step, we scrutinize the optimal government policy. Using different instruments government tries to maximize total tax receipts and to prevent flight of capital as far as possible.
Penalties in the Theory of Equilibrium Tax Evasion: Solving King John’s Problem
2010
The authors characterize equilibria of an income reporting game with bounded returns and no commitment where detected tax evaders are charged the maximally feasible amount. Introducing partial commitment to punishment relief eliminates multiplicity of equilibria. The authors identify a unique limit equilibrium where the poorest citizens evade, intermediate citizens are honest, and the richest citizens are indifferent between evading and truth telling. For small tax rates and auditing cost, committing to a discretionary punishment relief scheme increases expected tax revenue.