Search results for "regulation"

Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

2019

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors [45]) are GPCRs of the Class A, rhodopsin-like family where the endogenous agonist is acetylcholine. In addition to the agents listed in the table, AC-42, its structural analogues AC-260584 and 77-LH-28-1, N-desmethylclozapine, TBPB and LuAE51090 have been described as functionally selective agonists of the M1 receptor subtype via binding in a mode distinct from that utilized by non-selective agonists [243, 242, 253, 155, 154, 181, 137, 11, 230]. There are two pharmacologically characterised allosteric sites on muscarinic receptors, one defined by it binding gallami…

Analysis of Invariant Chain Processing in 3 Day Cultured Rat Langerhans Cells

1995

MHC class II molecules, critical peptide binding elements involved in the presentation of exogenous antigen to T helper cells, are expressed constitutively by Langerhans cells (LC) within their epidermal microenvironment. Several studies in mouse and man demonstrated, that short term in vitro culture of LC entails remarkable functional and penotypic alterations, including a profound increase of class II elements exposed at the LC’s surface1. Biosynthetic analysis revealed a downregulation of class II synthesis during the culture period2,3. In recent work on rat LC we described the uncoupling of the coordinately regulated biosynthesis of class II and invariant chain proteins in the course of…

Frontispiece: Positive Allosteric Control of Guests Encapsulation by Metal Binding to Covalent Porphyrin Cages

2019

Orchestin, a calcium-binding phosphoprotein, is a matrix component of two successive transitory calcified biomineralizations cyclically elaborated by…

2003

Orchestia cavimana is a crustacean that cyclically replaces its calcified cuticle during molting cycles in order to grow. Its terrestrial way of life requires storage of calcium during each premolt period, as calcareous concretions, in tubular diverticula of the midgut. During the postmolt period the stored calcium is reabsorbed and is translocated through the storage organ epithelium as calcified small spherules. In a previous study, we sequenced and characterized a remarkable component of the organic matrix of the premolt storage structures, Orchestin, which is a calcium-binding phosphoprotein. In this paper, we analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of the orchestin gene by Northern blot…

PCARE and WASF3 regulate ciliary F-actin assembly that is required for the initiation of photoreceptor outer segment disk formation

2020

Significance The photoreceptor outer segments are primary cilia, modified for phototransduction by incorporation of stacked opsin-loaded membrane disks that are continuously regenerated. This process is disrupted in several types of inherited retinal dystrophy, but the driving force remained unclear. We show that C2orf71/PCARE (photoreceptor cilium actin regulator), associated with inherited retinal dystrophy subtype RP54, efficiently recruits the Arp2/3 complex activator WASF3 to the cilium. This activates an actin dynamics-driven expansion of the ciliary tip, resembling membrane evagination in lamellipodia formation. Colocalization of this actin dynamics module to the base of the outer se…

Skill learning during an asynchronous music e-learning module

2023

Learning musical skills is often associated with face-to-face teaching. Few studies on musical skill learning through asynchronous e-learning have been conducted; however, the demand for e-learning has increased due to multiform learning and individual education paths, unrestricted by time and place. This demand is the basis of this research. The focus of this study is Finnish classroom teacher students’ skill learning, learning processes, and learning experiences, while studying music independently through e-learning. The research method is an intensive case study with six students. Their learning diaries were analysed using a data-driven content analysis. Background factors were musical i…

A phenomenological investigation of the emotional experiences of elite Brazilian coaches

2014

Coaches of elite athletes often need to work under stressful conditions and therefore may experience moments where emotional intensity is running very high. As a result, their physical and mental well-being may be affected. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to the emotional side of the coaches in current scientific literature (Potrac, Jones, Purdy, Nelson, & Marshall, 2013). With this in mind, the purpose of this study was to explore coaches’ stressors and other pleasant and unpleasant emotional experiences related to their coaching performance. Specifically, coaches’ awareness of their emotions and situational triggers were examined. Six highly experienced Brazilian coaches wer…

Perceived motivational climate influences athletes’ emotion regulation strategies, emotions, and psychobiosocial experiences

2022

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether athletes’ perceptions about the motivational climate created by their coach influence emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), emotions, and psychobiosocial experiences of athletes. A sample of 459 competitive athletes (201 women, 258 men), aged 16–35 years, drawn from individual and team sports, completed self-assessment measures of perceived motivational climate, emotion regulation, sport emotions, and psychobiosocial experiences. Main results from structural equation modeling showed that perceived mastery climate was positively related to cognitive reappraisal, pleasant emotions, and psycho…

Integrin α2β1 Mediates Isoform-Specific Activation of p38 and Upregulation of Collagen Gene Transcription by a Mechanism Involving the α2 Cytoplasmic…

1999

Two collagen receptors, integrins alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1, can regulate distinct functions in cells. Ligation of alpha1beta1, unlike alpha2beta1, has been shown to result in recruitment of Shc and activation of the Ras/ERK pathway. To identify the downstream signaling molecules activated by alpha2beta1 integrin, we have overexpressed wild-type alpha2, or chimeric alpha2 subunit with alpha1 integrin cytoplasmic domain in human osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2) lacking endogenous alpha2beta1. The chimeric alpha2/alpha1 chain formed a functional heterodimer with beta1. In contrast to alpha2/alpha1 chimera, forced expression of alpha2 integrin resulted in upregulation of alpha1 (I) collagen gene …

Improving the Quality of the Comply or Explain Approach and Introducing Self-Monitoring Through Online Feedbacks

2017

Codes of corporate governance and comply or explain approach are always at the core of the European Union agenda. This paper will deal both with the evolution of codes of corporate governance across Europe, and with the 2014 Recommendation. The idea put forwards is that regulators, at both EU and national level, should mainly improve the environment where the comply or explain approach is applied and introduce a system of self-monitoring through online feedbacks only. Arguably, this proposal might offer Member States a light-touch way to comply with Art. 11 of the 2014 Recommendation laying down that “[i]n order to motivate companies to comply with the relevant corporate governance code or …