Search results for "regulation"
showing 10 items of 4463 documents
IFI16 expression is related to selected transcription factors during B-cell differentiation
2015
The interferon-inducible DNA sensor IFI16 is involved in the modulation of cellular survival, proliferation, and differentiation. In the hematopoietic system, IFI16 is consistently expressed in the CD34+ stem cells and in peripheral blood lymphocytes; however, little is known regarding its regulation during maturation of B- and T-cells. We explored the role of IFI16 in normal B-cell subsets by analysing its expression and relationship with the major transcription factors involved in germinal center (GC) development and plasma-cell (PC) maturation.IFI16mRNA was differentially expressed in B-cell subsets with significant decrease inIFI16mRNA in GC and PCs with respect to naïve and memory subs…
Immunosenescence and lymphomagenesis
2018
Abstract One of the most important determinants of aging-related changes is a complex biological process emerged recently and called “immunosenescence”. Immunosenescence refers to the inability of an aging immune system to produce an appropriate and effective response to challenge. This immune dysregulation may manifest as increased susceptibility to infection, cancer, autoimmune disease, and vaccine failure. At present, the relationship between immunosenescence and lymphoma in elderly patients is not defined in a satisfactory way. This review presents a brief overview of the interplay between aging, cancer and lymphoma, and the key topic of immunosenescence is addressed in the context of t…
Metabolism via arginase or nitric oxide synthase: two competing arginine pathways in macrophages
2014
Macrophages play a major role in the immune system, both as antimicrobial effector cells and as immunoregulatory cells, which induce, suppress or modulate adaptive immune responses. These key aspects of macrophage biology are fundamentally driven by the phenotype of macrophage arginine metabolism that is prevalent in an evolving or ongoing immune response. M1 macrophages express the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which metabolizes arginine to nitric oxide (NO) and citrulline. NO can be metabolized to further downstream reactive nitrogen species, while citrulline might be reused for efficient NO synthesis via the citrulline-NO cycle. M2 macrophages are characterized by expression of the…
Inhibition of Arginase 1 Liberates Potent T Cell Immunostimulatory Activity of Human Neutrophil Granulocytes
2021
Myeloid cell arginase-mediated arginine depletion with consecutive inhibition of T cell functions is a key component of tumor immune escape. Both, granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC) and conventional mature human polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) express high levels of arginase 1 and can act as suppressor cells of adaptive anti-cancer immunity. Here we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of PMN-derived arginase 1 not only prevents the suppression of T cell functions but rather leads to a strong hyperactivation of T cells. Human PMN were incubated in cell culture medium in the absence or presence of an arginase inhibitor. T cells from healthy donors w…
New Insight into Immunity and Immunopathology of Rickettsial Diseases
2011
Human rickettsial diseases comprise a variety of clinical entities caused by microorganisms belonging to the generaRickettsia,Orientia,Ehrlichia, andAnaplasma. These microorganisms are characterized by a strictly intracellular location which has, for long, impaired their detailed study. In this paper, the critical steps taken by these microorganisms to play their pathogenic roles are discussed in detail on the basis of recent advances in our understanding of molecularRickettsia-host interactions, preferential target cells, virulence mechanisms, three-dimensional structures of bacteria effector proteins, upstream signalling pathways and signal transduction systems, and modulation of gene exp…
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells as a promising innovative tool for immunotherapy of hematologic malignancies
2011
The potent anti-tumor activities of γδ T cells, their ability to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, and their strong cytolytic activity have prompted the development of protocols in which γδ agonists or ex vivo-expanded γδ cells are administered to tumor patients. γδ T cells can be selectively activated by either synthetic phosphoantigens or by drugs that enhance their accumulation into stressed cells as aminobisphosphonates, thus offering new avenues for the development of γδ T cell-based immunotherapies. The recent development of small drugs selectively activating Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, which upregulate the endogenous phosphoantigens, has enabled the investigators to design the experiment…
Le misure di riorganizzazione del personale alle dipendenze della p.a. Tra obiettivi di efficienza ed esigenze di razionalizzazione della spesa pubbl…
2012
Riassunto- Il saggio analizza le politiche di riorganizzazione del personale alle dipendenze delle p.a., alla luce delle più recenti modifiche legislative. Secondo le più recenti analisi statistiche, la Pubblica Amministrazione italiana registra, a livello strutturale, numerose inefficienze correlate all’irrazionale distribuzione delle risorse umane. Per ovviare a dette disfunzioni, il legislatore è intervenuto a più riprese sul quadro normativo in materia di mobilità, modificando sia la disciplina degli strumenti di programmazione e gestione delle risorse umane (passaggi diretti di personale, trasferimenti, comandi, distacchi e assegnazioni temporanee), sia i meccanismi regolativi per il …
Flexicurity as a measuring leakage protection of workers: between "social pollution" and "total security"
2012
Was not the labour problem the same everywhere? The paper attempts to answer this question by proposing a re-interpretation of flexicurity through the comparison with the economic concepts of externalities and distortion of competition. After a methodological and epistemological premise, based on a multidisciplinary literature, the paper - critically addresses the origins of flexicurity and argues that it lacks an archetypical definition, especially in the formulation of the EU Commission. Hence, the paper considers flexicurity as any balance between flexibility and security and, therefore, proposes ordering any set of contracts, providing the same balance and with the same regulatory fr…
Sul nuovo rito dei licenziamenti e una proposta di modifica
2012
Lo studio propone una prima analisi delle norme che regolano il c.d. nuovo rito dei licenziamenti, introdotto dalla riforma Fornero, come complemento alla modificazione disciplina della reintegrazione e dei licenziamenti collettivi, allo scopo di snellire e accelerare i processi in questa materia e di aumentare la certezza in ordine alla risoluzione dei rapporti. Chiude lo studio un'appendice in cui l'autore propone un modello alternativo di rito dei licenziamenti.The study provides an initial analysis of the rules of the new trial of dismissals. It introduced by the Fornero reform, as a complement to the modification both dismissal reinstatement and collective redundancies. The purpos…
Liberalizzazione e flessibilità del mercato del lavoro marittimo: le agenzie di lavoro e l’arruolamento dell’equipaggio
2010
Lo studio affronta il tema della somministrazione di lavoro in ambito marittimo.