Search results for "renewable resource"
showing 10 items of 50 documents
Fluidized Bed Combustion and Gasification of Fossil and Renewable Slurry Fuels
2021
This article provides a comprehensive review of the state of the art and more recent developments of the thermochemical treatments of slurry fuels in fluidized beds (FB). The review focuses on FB combustion and gasification of slurry fuels based on coal, biomass, sludge, and wastes from industry, agriculture, and the civil sector. The investigations at research and industrial levels over the last decades are presented and discussed, highlighting the adopted technological solutions, the results in terms of feasibility and efficiency, and the perspectives of future development. The different behavior between bubbling and circulating beds was addressed, in particular the optimal choice dependi…
La Seconda Vita dell'Ambiente Costruito
2021
Il contributo inquadra i saggi, gli studi, le ricerche e progetti pubblicati sul numero 9 di AGATHÓN su ‘La Seconda Vita dell’Ambiente Costruito’, tema di interesse per il mondo accademico, delle professioni e dell’industria. Cambiamenti climatici, eccessivo consumo di suolo e di risorse non rinnovabili, produzione sempre crescente di rifiuti, emergenza pandemica e crisi socio-economica globale sono entrati di fatto nel nostro quotidiano: seppur drammatiche, per certi versi, tali questioni possono essere colte come un’opportunità per ripensare il modo e il mondo in cui viviamo. In questo contesto di ‘rivoluzione’(Floridi, 2020) e di ‘policrisi’ (Losasso, 2020), e con riferimento specifico a…
Modern Electrochemical Aspects for the Synthesis of Value‐Added Organic Products
2017
The use of electricity instead of stoichiometric amounts of oxidizers or reducing agents in synthesis is very appealing for economic and ecological reasons, and represents a major driving force for research efforts in this area. To use electron transfer at the electrode for a successful transformation in organic synthesis, the intermediate radical (cation/anion) has to be stabilized. Its combination with other approaches in organic chemistry or concepts of contemporary synthesis allows the establishment of powerful synthetic methods. The aim in the 21st Century will be to use as little fossil carbon as possible and, for this reason, the use of renewable sources is becoming increasingly impo…
Multicatalytic Transformation of (Meth)acrylic Acids: a One-Pot Approach to Biobased Poly(meth)acrylates
2021
International audience; Shifting from petrochemical feedstocks to renewable resources can address some of the environmental issues associated with petrochemical extraction and make plastics production sustainable. Therefore, there is a growing interest in selective methods for transforming abundant renewable feedstocks into monomers suitable for polymer production. Reported herein are one-pot catalytic systems, that are active,<br>productive, and selective under mild conditions for the synthesis of copolymers from renewable materials. Each system allows for anhydride formation, alcohol acylation and/or acid esterification, as well as polymerization of the formed (meth)- acrylates, providi…
Forest ecosystem inventory and monitoring as a framework for terrestrial natural renewable resources survey programmes
2002
The established practice of forest ecosystem inventory and monitoring is recognised as a main support for terrestrial natural renewable resource survey programmes. Inventory and monitoring programmes focused on an overall assessment of ecosystem attributes evolving into global environmental survey programmes have been devised, but implementation is still quite contradictory. The state-of-the-art is discussed here, with special reference to the European Union and Italy. Topical issues are reviewed, with selective concern to: remote sensing capability, probability sampling, forest type (habitat) classification and landscape ecology, sustainable management indicators. Benefits brought by infor…
Fen peat in environmentally friendly technologies
2018
Abstract Using peat as an energy source is currently incompatible with Environmental Policy Strategy of Latvia and 2030 Climate and Energy Package of European Union. The European Commission is looking at cost-efficient ways to make European economy more climate-friendly and less energy consuming. Although, fen peat alongside raised bog peat is categorized as fossil fuel, it is not traditionally used as fuel or growth substrate or for any other significant purposes in reasonable amounts. Large areas of fens are neglected where fen peat is slowly mineralizing and emitting greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, that are ones of the main triggers for the Climate Change. Thus, to …
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE GREENHOUSE DISTRICTS
2009
On Capturing Oil Rents with a National Excise Tax Revisited
2004
In this paper the scope of Bergstrom’s (1982) results is studied. Moreover, his analysis is extended assuming that extraction cost is directly related to accumulated extractions. For the case of a competitive market it is found that the optimal policy is a constant tariff if extraction is costless. However, with depletion effects, the optimal tariff must ultimately be decreasing. For the case of a monopolistic market the results depend crucially on the kind of strategies the importing country governments can play and on whether the monopolist chooses the price or extraction rate. For a price-setting monopolist it is shown that the importing countries cannot use a tariff to capture monopoly …
Facile and efficient chemical functionalization of aliphatic polyesters by cross metathesis
2016
International audience; An effective preparation of new tailor-made macromolecular materials via a combination of two (atom-efficient) catalytic transformations is reported. First, new aliphatic polyesters with alternated composition have been prepared using a salen aluminum catalyst system. Next, the pendant vinyl moieties in those copolymers have been selectively transformed into various functional groups by metathesis in the presence of homogeneous Grubbs catalysts. The latter metathesis reaction has been optimized in terms of catalytic activity and selectivity, to define the conditions for an effective and safe procedure that does not affect the macromolecular architecture. All polymer …
Efficiency in the Use of Natural Non-renewable Resources and Environmental Federalism in Italy. Evidence from Regional Management of Mining and Quarr…
2013
The separation of powers and responsibilities has evolved over time in Italy given that political ideals have been pushing towards a greater decentralization for the last twenty years. Under environmental federalism issues, an interesting case of study - capable of being empirically treated - is the attribution of power to the Regional governments over the management of mining and quarrying. This process, however, -- started in the ’70s with the Presidential Decree N. 616 of 1977. By examining Regional Laws, this paper highlights how the policy makers have a misleading perception of the real value of raw mineral resources domestically extracted and that these seem closer to common goods rat…