Search results for "reparations"

Oral local drug delivery and new perspectives in oral drug formulation

2012

Modern pharmaceutical science has provided us with a wide range of substances to be administered with a wide large variety of dosage forms. Local drug delivery systems have been used for a long time; in particular, for the local therapy of diseases affecting the oral cavity. Although these diseases are often extremely responsive to local therapy, the mouth often presents various difficulties in the application of topical compounds (owing to saliva and the mouth's different functions), resulting in a short retention time of dosage forms with a consequent low therapeutic efficacy. To resolve these limitations, research today concentrates on the development of bioadhesive formulations. This re…

Compounded preparations in dermatology – analysis of prescribing habits in everyday clinical practice in Germany

2020

Background Compounded preparations (CPs) are an indispensable addition to approved, commercially available drugs (CADs), especially for topical therapy. In Germany, about eight million CPs are prescribed within the statutory health insurance system each year, 50 % thereof by dermatologists. Methods We analyzed prescribing habits based on a questionnaire sent out to 186 office-based dermatologists and 1,491 pharmacies in the federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland. The goal was to improve patient care by collecting and categorizing data in terms of prescription practice and associated challenges in interdisciplinary cooperation. Results Overall, 351 pharmacists (23.5 %) and 53 de…

Real‐world evidence of the effectiveness on glycaemic control of early simultaneous versus later sequential initiation of basal insulin and glucagon‐…

2020

Abstract Aim To assess the impact of the timing of initiating both basal insulin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) on reaching glycaemic control targets over 6 and 12 months in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled on oral antihyperglycaemic drugs with an HbA1c of 9% or higher. Methods This retrospective cohort study assessed the impact of the timing of initiating both basal insulin and GLP‐1 RA therapies on reaching glycaemic targets (HbA1c < 7% and <8%, and ≥1% and ≥2% HbA1c reduction) over 12 months in people with markedly uncontrolled T2D (HbA1c ≥ 9%) on oral antihyperglycaemic drugs identified on the Optum Humedica database (electronic medical records; …

The impact of chocolate on cardiovascular health

2011

Cardiovascular disease is the leading determinant of mortality and morbidity in women. Functional foods are attracting interest as potential regulators of the susceptibility to disease. Supported by epidemiological evidence, chocolate has emerged as a possible modulator of cardiovascular risk. Chocolate, or cocoa as the natural source, contains flavanols, a subclass of flavonoids. The latter years have witnessed an increasing number of experimental and clinical studies that suggest a protective effect of chocolate against atherogenesis. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial function define three biological mechanisms that have shown sensitivity to chocolate. Moreover, the consumpt…

Split-dose versus whole-dose cleansing preparations for colonoscopy

2006

Intravenöse Eisensubstitution bei chronischer Erkrankung – bei wem, wann und wie?

2019

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren konnten wesentliche Fortschritte in der Erkennung und Behandlung des Eisenmangels erzielt werden, deren Ergebnisse auch für viele Fachgebiete und insbesondere mit Patienten mit chronisch-entzündlichen Erkrankungen relevant sind. Allerdings wird in der täglichen Praxis ein Eisenmangel vielfach nicht identifiziert und konsequent therapiert.Ein Eisenmangel kann – auch bevor eine Anämie auftritt – die Lebensqualität einschränken und den Verlauf der Grunderkrankung beeinflussen. Bei Patienten mit chronischen Erkrankungen sollte der Eisenstatus regelmäßig erfasst werden. Gerade bei Patienten mit chronisch-entzündlichen Erkrankungen sind die derzeit verfügbaren…

Insomnia in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A Swedish population-based cohort study.

2020

Abstract Background The association between specific psychiatric disorders and insomnia is well established, but the prevalence of insomnia in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is unknown. This population-based study examined the prevalence of insomnia in patients with OCD compared to unaffected individuals from the general population and to their unaffected full siblings, and evaluated the contribution of psychiatric comorbidities to this association. Methods Individuals diagnosed with OCD (31,856) were identified from a cohort of 13,017,902 individuals living in Sweden anytime during 1973 and 2013. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the odds of insomnia in individuals…

Best practices and recommendations for drug regimens and plasma exchange for immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

2021

Introduction Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and organ injury. TTP pathophysiology is based on a severe ADAMTS13 deficiency, and is a medical emergency with fatal outcome if appropriate treatment is not initiated promptly. Areas covered Authors will review the best options currently available to minimize mortality, prevent relapses, and obtain the best clinical response in patients with immune TTP (iTTP). Available bibliography about iTTP treatment has been searched in Library's MEDLINE/PubMed database from January 1990 until April 2021. Expert opinion The general…

Implementation of a strategy involving a multidisciplinary mobile unit team to prevent hospital admission in nursing home residents: protocol of a qu…

2020

IntroductionNursing home residents represent a particularly vulnerable population experiencing high risk of unplanned hospital admissions, but few interventions have proved effective in reducing this risk. The aim of this research will be to verify the effects of a hospital-based multidisciplinary mobile unit (MMU) team intervention delivering urgent care to nursing home residents directly at their bedside.Methods and analysisFour nursing homes based in the Parma province, in Northern Italy, will be involved in this prospective, pragmatic, multicentre, 18-month quasiexperimental study (sequential design with two cohorts). The residents of two nursing homes will receive the MMU team care int…

The timing of introduction of pharmaceutical innovations in seven European countries

2014

RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Differences in the performance of medical care may be due to variation in the introduction and diffusion of medical innovations. The objective of this paper is to compare seven European countries (United Kingdom, the Netherlands, West Germany, France, Spain, Estonia and Sweden) with regard to the year of introduction of six specific pharmaceutical innovations (antiretroviral drugs, cimetidine, tamoxifen, cisplatin, oxalaplatin and cyclosporin) that may have had important population health impacts. METHODS: We collected information on introduction and further diffusion of drugs using searches in the national and international literature, and questionnaires to …