Search results for "requirements"
showing 10 items of 192 documents
An Overview of 5G Slicing Operational Business Models for Internet of Vehicles, Maritime IoT Applications and Connectivity Solutions
2021
Identification of ecosystems and Business Models (BM) is an important starting point for new complex system development. The definition of actor (or stakeholder) roles and their interactions (at both business and technical levels), together with target scenarios and use cases, provide essential input information for further system requirement collection and architecture specification. The powerful and flexible Fifth Generation (5G) network slicing technology, which is capable of creating virtually isolated and logically parallel networks, enables a large range of complex services and vertical applications. Although various terminologies and models have been proposed in recent years for BMs …
Capturing citizens — Emerging needs: Using social networks in smart cities
2017
In order to reach its objectives, smart cities (or whatever kind of smart urban environment) should be underpinned by complex cyber physical systems (CPS) able to discover needs and services and "smartly" combine them. Services may be thought as services offered by software components, of whatever nature, for instance software, bot, robot, app and so on. Searching for the best service depends on the need of the citizen(s) and also on the type of (smart) environment the citizens are in. Analysis and design of CPSs are more challenging than the only physical or the only cyber system. We propose a design paradigm shift towards runtime for identifying requirements of cyber physical systems for …
Population targeted requirements acquisition
2018
ABSTRACTWe use social science theories, design science research methodology, and our experience in five development projects to design principles for selecting or adapting requirements acquisition (RA) techniques for use with populations of customers and users. The information systems (IS) literature has not systematically focused on the adaption of RA techniques to particular populations. We developed a nascent design theory for RA to target specific populations to define functional requirements for new IS. Five reference theories – personal construct theory, theory of disability, diffusion of innovations, social actor theory, and media richness and information synchronicity theory – suppo…
Goal-Oriented Development of BDI Agents: The PRACTIONIST Approach
2006
The representation of goals and the ability to reason about them play an important role in goal-oriented requirements analysis and modelling techniques, especially in agent-oriented software engineering, as goals are more stable than other abstractions (e.g. user stories). In PRACTIONIST, a framework for developing agent systems according to the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model, goals play a central role. Thus, in this paper we describe the structure of the goal model in the PRACTIONIST framework and how agents use their goal model to reason about goals, desires, and intentions during their deliberation process and means-ends reasoning as well as while performing their activities.
The effect of culture on requirements: a value-based view of prioritization
2015
This paper examines how culture affects requirements and their prioritization. We analyze the requirements of a mobile service, which were collected from Helsinki, Hong Kong, and Las Vegas. We argue that the current prioritization techniques for requirements do not sufficiently account for the cultural effects, nor does the literature offer information on ways of prioritizing such requirements according to users’ values. We see this as problematic because the literature suggests that culture should be viewed as a set of values. Our findings support the argument that we should use a value-based approach in prioritizing requirements. Furthermore, by focusing on the links between needs and val…
Method to Define User Interfaces in the Requirements Analysis Phase
2018
Many requirements for quality in use are elicited in the late development phase. However, if requirements are elicited in the late development phase, the development may return to the previous phase or some requirements cannot be realized due to costs and schedules. To reduce these cases, we propose a method to elicit the requirements in the requirements analysis phase. First, software developers analyze the user characteristics (UCs) of the target users and specify important quality characteristics (QCs) for quality in use and UI design items based on the relationships among UC, QC, and UI design items. Because UI design items are considerations to develop UIs, the specified UI design item…
Energy and environmental life-cycle impacts of solar-assisted systems: The application of the tool “ELISA”
2020
Abstract Solar heating and cooling (SHC) systems can be relevant in the achievement of energy and climate European goals. The benefits of these technologies should be evaluated taking into account their life-cycle energy and environmental impacts, calculated by applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The development of a complete LCA can be difficult and time-consuming particularly for non-experts in LCA, discouraging them in developing the life-cycle assessments. To overcome this issue, the paper presents “ELISA - Environmental Lifecycle Impacts of Solar Air-conditioning systems”, a user-friendly simplified tool for estimating the life-cycle energy and environmental benefits/impacts of s…
Sports analysis, training considerations and applied methods for mixed martial arts
2016
Introduction. Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a combat sport and a form of martial art that combines striking and grappling skills. Due to there not being any restrictions between switching from striking to grappling, the sport requires multiple skill sets usually derived from different martial arts. This combined with the fact that MMA requires the athlete to be highly conditioned both from an endurance and strength and power standpoint, places very large challenges on how to optimally design training programs so that individual athletes get the most out of them (Schick et al. 2010, Lenetsky et al. 2012, Alm et al. 2013, Lachlan et al. 2013, Souza-Junior et al. 2015). Psychological factors als…
Calcium Intake and Nutritional Adequacy in Spanish Children: The ANIVA Study
2017
Calcium is an important nutrient for child development. The main objective of this study was to assess calcium intake and its adequacy with dietary reference intake (DRI) in Spanish children. The ANIVA (Antropometría y Nutrición Infantil de Valencia) study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. During two academic years 2013–2014 and 2014–2015, 1176 schoolchildren aged 6–9 years were selected from 14 primary schools in Valencia (Spain). Three-day food records were used to assess dietary intake, completed by parents/guardian. Anthropometric data (weight and height) were evaluated in all subjects. Nutritional intake was compared to estimated average requirements (EARs) and adequate intake (A…
Daily energy expenditure through the human life course
2021
Total daily energy expenditure (“total expenditure”, MJ/d) reflects daily energy needs and is a critical variable in human health and physiology, yet it is unclear how daily expenditure changes over the life course. Here, we analyze a large, globally diverse database of total expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method for males and females aged 8 days to 95 yr. We show that total expenditure is strongly related to fat free mass in a power-law manner and identify four distinct metabolic life stages. Fat free mass-adjusted daily expenditure accelerates rapidly in neonates (0-1yr) to ~46% above adult values at ~1 yr, declines slowly throughout childhood and adolescence (1-20 yr) t…