Search results for "resolution"
showing 10 items of 1928 documents
Single-Hemisphere Photoelectron Momentum Microscope With Time-of-Flight Recording
2020
Photoelectron momentum microscopy is an emerging powerful method for angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES), especially in combination with imaging spin filters. These instruments record kx-ky images, typically exceeding a full Brillouin zone. As energy filters double-hemispherical or time-of-flight (ToF) devices are in use. Here we present a new approach for momentum mapping of the full half-space, based on a single hemispherical analyzer (path radius 225 mm). Excitation by an unfocused He lamp yielded an energy resolution of 7.7 meV. The performance is demonstrated by k-imaging of quantum-well states in Au and Xe multilayers. The alpha-square-aberration term (alpha: entrance an…
Deconvolution of XPS spectra
1991
The resolution of XPS spectra is limited mainly by instrumental parameters like the spectral line width of the exciting X-ray source and the finite energy resolution of the electron analyzer. If the line broadening functions resulting from the instrumental setup can be estimated and expressed by a spectrometer function, a mathematical recalculation of the intrinsic signal is possible by deconvolution. With the method presented in this paper, a resolution enhancement by a factor of 3 can be obtained. Measured spectra of physically correlated spin orbit doublets have been deconvoluted, and it is shown, that the intensity ratios and the positions are comparable with results obtained by highly …
The airway response to deep inspirations decreases with COPD severity and is associated with airway distensibility assessed by computed tomography.
2008
In patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the effect of deep inspirations (DIs) to reverse methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction is largely attenuated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the effectiveness of DI is reduced with increasing disease severity and that this is associated with a reduction in the ability of DI to distend the airways. Fifteen subjects [Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage I–II: n = 7; GOLD stage III–IV: n = 8] underwent methacholine bronchoprovocation in the absence of DI, followed by DI. The effectiveness of DI was assessed by their ability to improve inspiratory vital capacity and forced expira…
Funktionelle Bildgebung der Lunge mit gasförmigem Kontrastmittel: ³Helium-Magnetresonanztomographie
2005
Current imaging methods of the lung concentrate on morphology as well as on the depiction of the pulmonary parenchyma. The need of an advanced and more subtle imaging technology compared to conventional radiography is met by computed topography as the method of choice. Nevertheless, computed tomography yields very limited functional information. This is to be derived from arterial blood gas analysis, spirometry and body plethysmography. These methods, however, lack the scope for regional allocation of any pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lung has been advanced by the use of hyperpolarised (3)Helium as an inhaled gaseous contrast agent. The inhalation of the gas provides function…
Performance of Radiomics Features in the Quantification of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis from HRCT.
2020
Background: Our study assesses the diagnostic value of different features extracted from high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These features are investigated over a range of HRCT lung volume measurements (in Hounsfield Units) for which no prior study has yet been published. In particular, we provide a comparison of their diagnostic value at different Hounsfield Unit (HU) thresholds, including corresponding pulmonary functional tests. Methods: We consider thirty-two patients retrospectively for whom both HRCT examinations and spirometry tests were available. First, we analyse the HRCT histogram to extract quantitative lung fibrosis…
GFP immunogold staining, from light to electron microscopy, in mammalian cells.
2012
GFP has emerged as an important reporter for monitoring gene expression, protein localization, cell transformation and cell lineage. The development of GFP as a marker in many different biological systems has emphasized the need to image GFP at high resolution. GFP immunogold labeling with colloidal gold particles becomes essential for electron microscopy (EM) ultrastructural detection. Because of the small size, colloidal gold particles require silver enhancement, a procedure to increase the size of the particle as well as gold toning to stabilize the silver layer. GFP preembedding immunogold staining enables high quality cellular-ultrastructural EM analysis mainly for two reasons, on one …
Civil and Commercial Mediation and National Courts: Towards a New Concept of Justice for the XXI Century?
2017
Modern societies are very much linked to the idea of litigation. The incessant increase in the level of litigation puts the whole judicial system under pressure because the volume of disputes brought before State courts increases, the proceedings are getting more and more lengthy and the costs incurred by the parties in such proceedings are also greatly increasing. This situation can impair the full implementation of the principle of access to justice for citizens.
General Report: New Developments in Civil and Commercial Mediation – Global Comparative Perspectives
2015
Modern societies are very much linked to the idea of litigation. The incessant increase in the level of litigation puts the whole judicial system under pressure because the volume of disputes brought before State courts increases, the proceedings become more and more lengthy and the costs incurred by the parties in such proceedings also greatly increase. This situation can impair the full implementation of the principle of access to justice for citizens.
High-resolution particle sizing by optical tracking of single colloidal particles
1997
Abstract The motion of individual Brownian particles is observed using the confocal Tracking Microscope recently introduced by Schatzel (K. Schatzel, W. G. Neumann, J. Muller and B. Materzok, App. Opt. 31 (1992) 770–778). Particles are laterally trapped in a strongly focused laser beam. By evaluating the light-pressure-induced drift velocity and the backscattered intensity we are able to detemine particle size histograms with a resolution better than 2%. This is demonstrated on a mixture of seven species of polystyrene latex spheres in the diameter range between 300 and 450 nm, where six classes of diameters are identified. We discuss the scope of the method and potential applications.
Syntheses of Four Enantiomers of 2,3-Diendo- and 3-Endo-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-exo-carboxylic Acid and Their Saturated Analogues
2013
Abstract: Ethyl 2,3- diendo -3-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]oct- 5-ene-2-carboxylate ((±)- 1 ) was resolved with O , O '-dibenzoyltartaric acid via diastere omeric salt formation. The efficient synthesis of the enantiomers of 2,3- diendo -3-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]oct- 5-ene-2-carboxylic acid ((+)- 7 and (–)- 7 ), 3- endo -aminobicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2- exo -carboxylic acid ((+)- 5 and (–)- 5 ), cis - and trans -3-aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octa ne-2-carboxylic acid ((+)- 6 , (–)- 6 , (+)- 8 and (–)- 8 ) was achieved via isomerization, hydrogenation and hydrolysis of the corresponding esters (–)- 1 and (+)- 1 . The stereochemistry and relative configurations of the synthesized compounds were determined by NMR sp…