Search results for "respiratory tract diseases"
showing 10 items of 1015 documents
A 15-Year-Old Boy with Anterior Chest Pain, Progressive Dyspnea, and Subcutaneous Emphysema of the Neck
2009
We describe the case of an adolescent who was admitted to the hospital because of sudden occurrence of chest pain, dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema. On admission, physical examination revealed subcutaneous crepitations in the superior part of the rib cage, and auscultation of the chest showed widespread wheezing. The radiological assessment confirmed the diagnosis of pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax. A follow-up CT scan performed one week after the admission showed almost complete resolution of the radiological alterations. At the following visits, the patient was asymptomatic, but reported to have suffered from frequent episodes of rhinorrea, sneezing, nasal blockage, and sometimes, ch…
Performance of Radiomics Features in the Quantification of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis from HRCT.
2020
Background: Our study assesses the diagnostic value of different features extracted from high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These features are investigated over a range of HRCT lung volume measurements (in Hounsfield Units) for which no prior study has yet been published. In particular, we provide a comparison of their diagnostic value at different Hounsfield Unit (HU) thresholds, including corresponding pulmonary functional tests. Methods: We consider thirty-two patients retrospectively for whom both HRCT examinations and spirometry tests were available. First, we analyse the HRCT histogram to extract quantitative lung fibrosis…
Quantification of Lung Volume at Different Tidal Volumes and Positive End-Expiratory Pressures in a Porcine Model by Using Retrospective Respiratory …
2008
PURPOSE: This feasibility study in healthy animals should prove the concept that it is possible to quantitatively assess the effects of different ventilatory settings on the lung parenchyma during ongoing ventilation in respiratory gated 4-dimensional (D)-computed tomography (CT). For this purpose, the influence of different tidal volumes and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on quantitative assessment of lung volumes (LVs) and lung compartments was analyzed. METHODS: Five anesthetized and ventilated (20 breaths/min, inspiratory/expiratory ratio of 1:2) healthy pigs underwent 16-row multidetector CT with retrospective respiratory gating using a noncontact charge-coupled device camera …
About Objective 3-D Analysis of Airway Geometry in Computerized Tomography
2008
The technology of multislice X-ray computed tomography (MSCT) provides volume data sets with approximately isotropic resolution, which permits a noninvasive 3-D measurement and quantification of airway geometry. In different diseases, like emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or cystic fribrosis, changes in lung parenchyma are associated with an increase in airway wall thickness. In this paper, we describe an objective measuring method of the airway geometry in the 3-D space. The limited spatial resolution of clinical CT scanners in comparison to thin structures like airway walls causes difficulties in the measurement of the density and the thickness of these structures.…
Cluster of Legionnaires’ Disease in an Italian Prison
2019
Background: Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is the most common etiologic agent causing Legionnaires&rsquo
Development of spontaneous airway changes consistent with human asthma in mice lacking T-bet.
2002
Human asthma is associated with airway infiltration by T helper 2 (TH2) lymphocytes. We observed reduced expression of the TH1 transcription factor, T-bet, in T cells from airways of patients with asthma compared with that in T cells from airways of nonasthmatic patients, suggesting that loss of T-bet might be associated with asthma. Mice with a targeted deletion of the T-bet gene and severe combined immunodeficient mice receiving CD4+cells from T-bet knockout mice spontaneously demonstrated multiple physiological and inflammatory features characteristic of asthma. Thus, T-bet deficiency, in the absence of allergen exposure, induces a murine phenotype reminiscent of both acute and chronic h…
Source and Nature of Inhaled Atmospheric Dust from Trace Element Analyses of Human Bronchial Fluids
2011
International audience; Rapid volcanic eruptions quickly ejecting large amounts of dust provoke the accumulation of heavy metals in people living in surrounding areas. Analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage samples (BAL) collected from people exposed to the paroxysmal 2001 Etna eruption revealed a strong enrichment of many toxic heavy metals. Comparing the BAL to the dust composition of southeastern Sicily, we found that only V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and U enrichment could be related to the volcanic event, whereas Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb contents come from the dissolution of particles of anthropogenic origin. Furthermore, the nature of these inhaled anthropogenic particles was revealed by anomalous La and…
Effects of high-resolution esophageal manometry on oxygen saturation and hemodynamic function
2016
The effect of high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) on oxygen saturation (SaO2) and hemodynamic function has not been previously evaluated. This was a prospective study of consecutive patients referred for HRM. Demographic and clinical data were collected on all patients. The study variables included SaO2, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). SaO2 and HR were measured at baseline, during intubation, during and 5 min after HRM. BP was measured at baseline, during and after HRM. 158 (56% women) patients with a mean age of 56 (SD 15) years were included. Thirty-five (22%) were obese and 55 (35%) were overweight. Eighteen (12%) patients had a history of respiratory disease and 27 (17%)…
Extracellular vesicles in airway homeostasis and pathophysiology
2021
The epithelial–mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) is a morphofunctional entity involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of airways as well as in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The “muco-microbiotic layer” (MML) is the innermost layer of airways made by microbiota elements (bacteria, viruses, archaea and fungi) and the surrounding mucous matrix. The MML homeostasis is also crucial for maintaining the healthy status of organs and its alteration is at the basis of airway disorders. Nanovesicles produced by EMTU and MML elements are probably the most important tool of communication among the different cell types, inclu…
Temperature-related effects on respiratory medical prescriptions in Spain
2021
Background The increased risk of mortality during periods of high and low temperatures has been well established. However, most of the studies used daily counts of deaths or hospitalisations as health outcomes, although they are the ones at the top of the health impact pyramid reflecting only a limited proportion of patients with the most severe cases. Objectives This study evaluates the relationship between short-term exposure to the daily mean temperature and medication prescribed for the respiratory system in five Spanish cities. Methods We fitted time series regression models to cause-specific medical prescriptions, including different respiratory subgroups and age groups. We included a…