Search results for "reverse transcriptase"
showing 10 items of 715 documents
Frequent nonrandom activation of germ-line genes in human cancer.
2004
Abstract The growing class of cancer/germ-line genes is characterized by a unique expression pattern with transcription restricted to germ cells and cancer cells. It is not known which fraction of germ-line genes is ectopically activated in tumor cells and whether this fraction displays common features as compared with strictly germ-line genes remaining silent in cancer. Using an unbiased genome-wide scanning approach, representative samples of both cancer/germ-line genes as well as strictly germ-line-specific genes were determined. Comparative analysis disclosed highly significant diametric characteristics for these two categories of genes with regard to sex specificity, developmental stag…
How to preserve and handle fish liver samples to conserve RNA integrity
2019
As transcriptomic studies are becoming more and more common, it is important to ensure that the RNA used in the analyses is of good quality. The RNA integrity may be compromised by storage temperature or freeze-thaw cycles, but these have not been well studied in poikilothermic fishes. This work studied the effects of tissue storage time and temperature, and freeze-thaw cycles of tissue and extracted RNA on RNA integrity in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) liver. The storage time and temperature had an effect on RNA integrity, but RNA suitable for quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) (RIN > 7) was still obtained from samples preserved at − 20 °C for 6 months. Freeze-thaw cycles of …
Influence of vitamin A status on the regulation of uridine (5′-)diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 and UGT1A6 expression by L-triiodothyro…
2001
The uridine (5′-)diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) are involved in the phase II of various xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. They are responsible for glucuronidation of many substrates, especially including bilirubin (UGT1A1) and phenolic compounds (UGT1A6). We previously showed that the expression of both isoforms is regulated at the transcriptional level by thyroid hormone in rat liver. In this present study, effects of vitamin A dietary intake (0, 1.72, 69 ug retinol acetate/g food) on the regulation of UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 activity and expression by 3,5,3′ triiodo-L-THYRONINE (l-T3) were examined in the same organ. Activities were determined toward bilirubin and 4-nitrophenol.…
Inducible NO synthase confers chemoresistance in head and neck cancer by modulating survivin
2009
The dual role of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a complex and can both promote or inhibit tumor progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet resolved in detail. We show for the first time that conditions, favoring low NO levels conferred resistance against cisplatin/taxol-induced apoptosis in HNSCC cell lines. Cytoprotection was mediated by survivin, because we observed its upregulation subsequent to low doses of the NO donors S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or ectopic expression of physiologic amounts of iNOS. Also, RNAi-mediated depletion of survivin block…
A critical role for TNFα in the selective attachment of mononuclear leukocytes to angiotensin-II-stimulated arterioles
2007
Abstract Angiotensin II (Ang-II) exerts inflammatory activity and is involved in different cardiovascular disorders. This study has evaluated the involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the leukocyte accumulation elicited by Ang-II. Ang-II (1 nM intraperitoneally in rats) induced TNFα release at 1 hour followed by neutrophil and mononuclear cell recruitment. The administration of an antirat TNFα antiserum had no effect on Ang-IIinduced neutrophil accumulation but inhibited the infiltration of mononuclear cells and reduced CC chemokine content in the peritoneal exudate. Pretreatment with either an anti-TNFα or an anti-IL-4 antiserum decreased Ang-II-induced arteriolar mononuclea…
Fungal polysaccharopeptide inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice
2003
Angiogenesis is crucial to tumor growth and metastasis, and interruption of this process is a prime avenue for therapeutic intervention of tumor proliferation. The present study has made use of the S180 tumor-bearing mouse model to investigate the polysaccharopeptide, PSP, isolated from the edible mushroom Coriolus versicolor, a herbal medicine known for its anti-angiogenesis properties. Quantitative analysis of microcorrosion casting of the tumor tissue showed more angiogenic features such as dense sinusoids and hot spots, in control (untreated) than in PSP-treated animals. Immunostaining of tumor tissues with antibody against the endothelial cell marker (Factor VIII) demonstrated a positi…
Neuroglobin mRNA expression after transient global brain ischemia and prolonged hypoxia in cell culture.
2006
Abstract Neuroglobin is a nerve-specific respiratory protein that has been proposed to play an important role in the protection of brain neurons from ischemic and hypoxic injuries. Here, we investigated the regulation of neuroglobin expression after transient global ischemia in the rat brain using mRNA in situ hybridization and under hypoxic stress in cultured neuronal cell lines (PC12, HN33) by quantitative RT-PCR. While neuroglobin mRNA expression was significantly enhanced in cell culture after severe prolonged hypoxia (0–1% O 2 for 24 h), we did not find any significant increases in neuroglobin mRNA levels in the rat brain after transient global ischemia. Vegf and Glut1 mRNAs showed inc…
Angiogenesis in Wounds Treated by Microdeformational Wound Therapy.
2011
BACKGROUND:: Mechanical forces play an important role in tissue neovascularization and are a constituent part of modern wound therapies. The mechanisms by which vacuum assisted closure (VAC) modulates wound angiogenesis are still largely unknown. OBJECTIVE:: To investigate how VAC treatment affects wound hypoxia and related profiles of angiogenic factors as well as to identify the anatomical characteristics of the resultant, newly formed vessels. METHODS:: Wound neovascularization was evaluated by morphometric analysis of CD31-stained wound cross-sections as well as by corrosion casting analysis. Wound hypoxia and mRNA expression of HIF-1α and associated angiogenic factors were evaluated by…
The endocannabinoid system controls key epileptogenic circuits in the hippocampus.
2006
SummaryBalanced control of neuronal activity is central in maintaining function and viability of neuronal circuits. The endocannabinoid system tightly controls neuronal excitability. Here, we show that endocannabinoids directly target hippocampal glutamatergic neurons to provide protection against acute epileptiform seizures in mice. Functional CB1 cannabinoid receptors are present on glutamatergic terminals of the hippocampal formation, colocalizing with vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1). Conditional deletion of the CB1 gene either in cortical glutamatergic neurons or in forebrain GABAergic neurons, as well as virally induced deletion of the CB1 gene in the hippocampus, demonstrat…
Induction of cytochrome P450 and/or detoxication enzymes by various extracts or rosemary: description of specific patterns
2001
The ability of rosemary to modulate cytochrome P450 (CYP) and detoxication enzymes in rat liver was evaluated by comparing the effects of dried leaves and leaf extracts with different chemical compositions: essential oil (EO) containing monoterpenes, a dichloromethane extract (DCME) containing phenolic diterpenes and a water-soluble extract (WSE) containing phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid and flavonoids. Chemical analyses were done in order to characterize the composition of extracts. Male Wistar rats received the leaves or extracts of rosemary in their diet at 0.5% (w/w) for 2 weeks. The effects of such treatments were evaluated for CYP (1A, 2B, 2E1), glutathione S-transferase (…