Search results for "rules"
showing 10 items of 225 documents
Key Electoral Institutions and Rules Influencing Proportionality and Partisan Bias in Spanish Politics
2021
The current paper focuses on the Spanish electoral rules governing political competition for the central “Congreso de los Diputados”. It is well-documented that the system as a whole has traditionally favoured one or the other of the two main political parties (PP and PSOE) at the expense of proportionality and the remaining political parties. This paper focuses on some key Spanish electoral rules and investigates how much the observed biases could be altered by introducing some alternative rules taken from the Swedish electoral system, ceteris paribus. Measures of disproportionality are made through the Loosemore–Hanby index and the Gallagher index. The electoral raw data used for our esti…
SEAI: Social Emotional Artificial Intelligence Based on Damasio’s Theory of Mind
2018
A socially intelligent robot must be capable to extract meaningful information in real-time from the social environment and react accordingly with coherent human-like behaviour. Moreover, it should be able to internalise this information, to reason on it at a higher abstract level, build its own opinions independently and then automatically bias the decision-making according to its unique experience. In the last decades, neuroscience research highlighted the link between the evolution of such complex behaviour and the evolution of a certain level of consciousness, which cannot leave out of a body that feels emotions as discriminants and prompters. In order to develop cognitive systems for s…
An engineered plant that accumulates higher levels of heavy metals than Thlaspi caerulescens, with yields of 100 times more biomass in mine soils
2006
8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables.
Trading with Asymmetric Volatility Spillovers
2007
: We study the profitability of trading strategies based on volatility spillovers between large and small firms. By using the Volatility Impulse-Response Function of Lin (1997) and its extensions, we detect that any volatility shock coming from small companies is important to large companies, but the reverse is only true for negative shocks coming from large firms. To exploit these asymmetric patterns in volatility, different trading rules are designed based on the inverse relationship existing between expected return and volatility. We find that most strategies generate excess after-transaction cost profits, especially after very bad news and very good news coming from large or small firm…
Dual Extrapolation for Sparse Generalized Linear Models
2020
International audience; Generalized Linear Models (GLM) form a wide class of regression and classification models, where prediction is a function of a linear combination of the input variables. For statistical inference in high dimension, sparsity inducing regularizations have proven to be useful while offering statistical guarantees. However, solving the resulting optimization problems can be challenging: even for popular iterative algorithms such as coordinate descent, one needs to loop over a large number of variables. To mitigate this, techniques known as screening rules and working sets diminish the size of the optimization problem at hand, either by progressively removing variables, o…
Rule Extraction From Binary Neural Networks With Convolutional Rules for Model Validation.
2020
Classification approaches that allow to extract logical rules such as decision trees are often considered to be more interpretable than neural networks. Also, logical rules are comparatively easy to verify with any possible input. This is an important part in systems that aim to ensure correct operation of a given model. However, for high-dimensional input data such as images, the individual symbols, i.e. pixels, are not easily interpretable. Therefore, rule-based approaches are not typically used for this kind of high-dimensional data. We introduce the concept of first-order convolutional rules, which are logical rules that can be extracted using a convolutional neural network (CNN), and w…
Fiscal Rules and Macroeconomic Stability
2005
In this paper we analyze the impact of fiscal rules on the effectiveness of fiscal policy as a macroeconomic stabilizing instrument. First, we review the available evidence on the effects of fiscal policy to affect output in the short run and real interest rates and investment and growth in the long run, and we show how the use of fiscal rules has proved useful in restraining debt and deficits. Secondly, we discuss if debt consolidation rules trade off higher output instability in exchange for lower deficits, using three alternative representations of the intertemporal substitution mechanism in a SDGE framework. Our main conclusion is that both the impact of discretionary fiscal policy and …
Hand feeding: a method to increase the survival rate ofOrthetrum coerulescens(Odonata: Libellulidae) in outdoor enclosures
2014
Food intake rate and diet composition have a high impact on all organisms and affect individual fitness, fecundity and mortality. Specimens in enclosures have to be fed in an adequate way and with minimum stress for the specimens. Adult dragonflies are flying hunters. In enclosures, they are usually fed by adding different kinds of adult dipterans. In this study, I additionally fed specimens of Orthetrum coerulescens by hand. Each specimen received one house fly or up to six fruit flies per day. This was less than an adult dragonfly would normally consume; however, this additional hand feeding was enough to significantly increase the survival rate of individuals, especially within the first…
TiO2 nanocauruļu fotokatalītiskās aktivitātes kvantu ķīmijas pētījums
2015
Darba motivācija ir iegūt modeli, ar kura palīdzību var pētīt titāna dioksīda fotokatalītiskās un optiskās īpašības, jo TiO2 ir perspektīvs materiāls ūdens fotokatalītiskai sadalīšanai. Tā efektivitāti var palielināt, veidojot no tā nanocaurules — enerģētiski stabilas struktūras ar lielu virsmas laukumu un mainot TiO2 aizliegtās zonas platumu. Darbā ir aprakstīta TiO2 nanocauruļu periodisko modeļu reducēšana līdz neperiodiskiem modeļiem. Iegūtie modeļi, izmantojot uz blīvuma funkcionāla teorijas balstītus aprēķinus, tiek salīdzināti ar periodiskajiem modeļiem un tiek novērtēti faktori, kuri ietekmē modeļu elektronisko struktūru. Darba rezultātā ir piedāvāts skaitliskais eksperiments, ar kur…
"Restauro del moderno: progetti a Gibellina"
2012
L'articolo illustra un gruppo di progetti su Gibellina elaborati all'interno del Dottorato in Progettazione Architettonica di Palermo. Questo ha come tema Il restauro del moderno e si è concentrato per un anno sul tema delle città di fondazione, in particolare Gibellina e Messina There is no profound difference between restoration and design because each restoration is a design, although of a special kind. In this case the design is not an independent operation because the 'system of rules' intrinsic to the building in question must be identified. Reference to generally acclaimed instances in restoration of the modern allow an architect to relate more closely to this system through an analy…