Search results for "rytmi"
showing 10 items of 69 documents
Direct and correlated responses to bi-directional selection on pre-adult development time in Drosophila montana.
2019
Selection experiments offer an efficient way to study the evolvability of traits that play an important role in insects’ reproduction and/or survival and to trace correlations and trade-offs between them. We have exercised bi-directional selection on Drosophila montana flies’ pre-adult development time under constant light and temperature conditions for 10 generations and traced the indirect effects of this selection on females’ diapause induction under different day lengths, as well as on the body weight and cold tolerance of both sexes. Overall, selection was successful towards slow, but not towards fast development. However, all fast selection line replicates showed at the end of selecti…
Multiple paths to cold tolerance: the role of environmental cues, morphological traits and the circadian clock gene vrille
2021
AbstractBackgroundTracing the association between insect cold tolerance and latitudinally and locally varying environmental conditions, as well as key morphological traits and molecular mechanisms, is essential for understanding the processes involved in adaptation. We explored these issues in two closely-related species, Drosophila montana and Drosophila flavomontana, originating from diverse climatic locations across several latitudes on the coastal and mountainous regions of North America. We also investigated the association between sequence variation in one of the key circadian clock genes, vrille, and cold tolerance in both species. Finally, we studied the impact of vrille on fly cold…
The preference and costs of sleeping under light at night in forest and urban great tits
2019
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasing phenomenon associated with worldwide urbanization. In birds, broad-spectrum white ALAN can have disruptive effects on activity patterns, metabolism, stress response and immune function. There has been growing research on whether the use of alternative light spectra can reduce these negative effects, but surprisingly, there has been no study to determine which light spectrum birds prefer. To test such a preference, we gave urban and forest great tits (Parus major) the choice where to roost using pairwise combinations of darkness, white light or green dim light at night (1.5 lux). Birds preferred to sleep under artificial light instead of dar…
Selection for reproduction under short photoperiods changes diapause-associated traits and induces widespread genomic divergence.
2019
The work has been supported by the Academyof Finland to A.H. (project 267244) and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funding (NE/J020818/1 to M.G.R.; NE/L501852/1 to R.A.W.W.). The incidence of reproductive diapause is a critical aspect of life history in overwintering insects from temperate regions. Much has been learned about the timing, physiology and genetics of diapause in a range of insects, but how the multiple changes involved in this and other photoperiodically regulated traits are inter-related is not well understood. We performed quasinatural selection on reproduction under short photoperiods in a northern fly species, Drosophila montana, to trace the effects of photoper…
Synchronization to metrical levels in music depends on low-frequency spectral components and tempo
2016
Previous studies have found relationships between music-induced movement and musical characteristics on more general levels, such as tempo or pulse clarity. This study focused on synchronization abilities to music of finely-varying tempi and varying degrees of low frequency spectral change/flux. Excerpts from six classic Motown/R&B songs at three different tempos (105, 115, and 130 BPM) were used as stimuli in this experiment. Each was then time-stretched by a factor of 5% with regards to the original tempo, yielding a total of 12 stimuli that were presented to 30 participants. Participants were asked to move along with the stimuli while being recorded with an optical motion capture system.…
Speed on the dance floor : auditory and visual cues for musical tempo
2016
Musical tempo is most strongly associated with the rate of the beat or “tactus,” which may be defined as the most prominent rhythmic periodicity present in the music, typically in a range of 1.67–2 Hz. However, other factors such as rhythmic density, mean rhythmic inter-onset interval, metrical (accentual) structure, and rhythmic complexity can affect perceived tempo (Drake et al., 1999 and London, 2011Drake, Gros, & Penel, 1999; London, 2011). Visual information can also give rise to a perceived beat/tempo (Iversen, et al., 2015), and auditory and visual temporal cues can interact and mutually influence each other (Soto-Faraco and Kingstone, 2004 and Spence, 2015). A five-part experiment w…
Physical activity and risk of atrial fibrillation in the general population : meta-analysis of 23 cohort studies involving about 2 million participan…
2021
Regular physical activity is well established to be associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes. Whether physical activity is associated with the future risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a controversy. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies in general populations with at least one-year of follow-up, we aimed to evaluate the association between regular physical activity and the risk of AF. Relevant studies were sought from inception until October 2020 in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and manual search of relevant articles. Extracted relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the maximum versus the …
Émile Jaques-Dalcrozen elämä ja pedagogiikka
2018
Tässä tutkielmassa perehdyn Émile Jaques-Dalcrozen kehittämään pedagogiikkaan ja sen taustalla oleviin ajatuksiin. Jaques-Dalcrozen vaikutus tämän päivän musiikki- ja musiikkiliikuntakasvatukseen on ollut merkittävä ja pyrin tällä tutkielmallani valaisemaan sen perusajatuksia. Kerron ensin Jaques-Dalcrozen henkilöhistoriasta, jonka jälkeen avaan termiä Dalcroze-pedagogiikka, joka tunnetaan myös nimellä eurytmiikka ja kerron tähän käsitteeseen liittyvistä kolmesta osa-alueesta. Neljännessä luvussa kerron Jaques-Dalcrozen ajatuksista liittyen musiikkikasvatukseen ja viidennessä luvussa kerron musiikkiliikunnan ja Dalcroze-pedagogiikan vaiheista ja tavoitteista suomalaisessa koulussa. Lopuksi …
Laulava ja liikkuva lapsi : toiminnallisen laulunopetuksen materiaalipaketti alakouluun
2015
Lapselle liike on luontaisin tapa ilmentää musiikkia. Myös laulaminen ja oman äänen käyttö on läsnä lapsen elämässä pienestä pitäen. Koulun musiikintunnilla voisi hyödyntää lapsen luontaista intoa liikkua ja laulaa ja perustaa opetus niille. Tutkimukseni tarkoituksena on luoda toiminnallinen laulunopetuksen materiaalipaketti alakouluun ja testata sitä. Materiaalipakettini perustuu valtakunnallisen perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman (2014) laulunopetuksen tavotteisiin ja sisältöihin ja uusimpiin musiikin oppimateriaaleihin. Lisäksi olen lisännyt materiaaliin omia ideoitani ja vinkkejäni laulunopetuksesta alakoulussa. Tutkimuksessani punaisena lankana kulkee sana ”toiminnallisuus”, jonka koen …
Adaptation and ecological speciation in seasonally varying environments at high latitudes: Drosophila virilis group
2022
Living in high latitudes and altitudes sets specific requirements on species’ ability to forecast seasonal changes and to respond to them in an appropriate way. Adaptation into diverse environmental conditions can also lead to ecological speciation through habitat isolation or by inducing changes in traits that influence assortative mating. In this review, we explain how the unique time-measuring systems of Drosophila virilis group species have enabled the species to occupy high latitudes and how the traits involved in species reproduction and survival exhibit strong linkage with latitudinally varying photoperiodic and climatic conditions. We also describe variation in reproductive barriers…