Search results for "saison"
showing 10 items of 37 documents
Identification, ecology and use blood meals from hematophagous Diptera (Glossinidae, Stomoxys and Tabanidae) for noninvasive sampling of wildlife in …
2015
The contact between human and wild fauna has considerably increased during these last decades due to the increase of human population size but also to conservation policies. As a consequence, the number of zoonotic diseases soared with a mean of six new infectious diseases per year, 75% of whom being vectorially transmitted. The way to avoid the human contamination by these emergent diseases is based on the efficient vector control resulting from a deep knowledge of the ecology and the feeding behavior of the different vector species. During our work, we have identified and characterized the ecology of 6 tsetse species (Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. fuscipes fuscipes, G. fusca congolense, …
Évaluation de la pratique chirurgicale dans le traitement du cancer bronchique en France à partir de la base nationale du PMSI
2019
Background - In recent years, improving the quality of care has been a concern for health professionals in France, through the certification of institutions, accreditation and continuous professional development. Evaluation of these different measures has rarely been carried out. The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of surgical management of lung cancer in different regions using hospital mortality as an indicator. Method - From the national database of the Program of Medical Information Systems (PMSI), data on all patients who had undergone surgery for lung cancer were extracted as well as the characteristics of the centers. The main outcome criterion was hospital mortali…
Multiscale study of rainfall and vegetation cover in Cameroon : spatial analysis, temporal trends, climatic and anthropogenic factors of NDVI variabi…
2011
Due to its shape and location (2°N-13°N – 8°E-16°E; proximity of the Atlantic Ocean), Cameroon is characterized by a panel of cross-regional climate encountered widely in tropical Africa. Over the region, the decrease rainfall during the second half of the last century has been shown to be associated with stronger recurrence of drier periods, specifically in the core of the rainy season. These conditions have favored the degradation of vegetation cover, driven by socioeconomic and demographic constraints. The substantial impacts on human activities and local society highlight the need to better understand how climate and environmental dynamics do interact locally. The aim of this study is t…
Timing and patterns of the ENSO signal in Africa over the last 30 years: insights from normalized difference vegetation index data.
2014
Abstract A more complete picture of the timing and patterns of the ENSO signal during the seasonal cycle for the whole of Africa over the three last decades is provided using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Indeed, NDVI has a higher spatial resolution and is more frequently updated than in situ climate databases, and highlights the impact of ENSO on vegetation dynamics as a combined result of ENSO on rainfall, solar radiation, and temperature. The month-by-month NDVI–Niño-3.4 correlation patterns evolve as follows. From July to September, negative correlations are observed over the Sahel, the Gulf of Guinea coast, and regions from the northern Democratic Republic of Congo…
Quand l’agriculture des pays riches crée de la pauvreté
2018
L’agriculture a toujours été un secteur où les tâches peu qualifiées sont restées très pourvoyeuses de main d’oeuvre ; ce sont majoritairement les immigrés fraîchement arrivés qui s’y adonnent, les natifs délaissant ces travaux pénibles, mal payés et peu valorisants. Nous allons analyser dans cette contribution l’extrême difficulté des « saisonniers-migrants » présents en Espagne. Pour cela, nous mettrons en résonnance les parcours de deux immigrés, originaires l’un du Maroc, l’autre du Mali, pour montrer comment ils sont littéralement devenus « prisonniers » de cette agriculture, sans pouvoir se construire — ni se projeter — dans un quelconque autre avenir, cette situation ayant été amplif…
Diagnosis and predictability of intraseasonal characteristics of wet and dry spells over equatorial east Africa
2010
Most of Eastern Africa has arid and semi-arid climate with high space-time variability in rainfall. The droughts are very common in this region, and often persist for several years, preceded or followed by extreme floods. Most of the livelihoods and socio-economic activities however remain rain-dependent leading to severe negative impacts during the periods of occurrence of climate extremes. It has been noted that one extreme event was capable of reversing national economic growth made over a period of several years. Thus no sustainable development can be attained in eastern Africa without effective mainstreaming of climate information in the development policies, plans and programmes. Many…
Variabilité intrasaisonnière des précipitations et de leur distribution : impacts sur le développement du couvert végétal dans le Nord du Cameroun (1…
2010
variabilité, séquences sèches, précipitations, intrasaisonnier, végétation, Nord-Cameroun; International audience; La variabilité intrasaisonnière des précipitations est étudiée dans le Nord-Cameroun (6°N-13°N et 11°E-16°E), à partir des données journalières d'une vingtaine de stations, ainsi que leur relation avec la variabilité du couvert végétal, à travers les données bimensuelles de NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) à 8Km de résolution, le tout sur la période 1982-2002. En domaine soudanien (situé au sud du 9°N), la saison des pluies (Pmensuel>50mm) s'étend entre les mois d'avril à octobre, et entre Mai à septembre en domaine sahélien (nord du 9°N). Dans l'ensemble, les anom…
Effets des émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre sur le climat du bassin de l'océan Indien
2005
La simulation numérique du climat par le modèle couplé de circulation générale ARPEGE-OPA est utilisée ici pour prédire les effets d'un doublement du CO2 atmosphérique en l'an 2100 sur le climat du bassin de l'Océan Indien. Les températures de surface de la mer, les précipitations et les champs moyens de vents à 850 et 200 hPa sont étudiés au pas de temps trimestriel, sur les deux normales climatiques 1968-1997 et 2070-2099. Pour la fin du XX° siècle, le modèle a tendance à surestimer légèrement les TSM et plus fortement les précipitations, résultat d'un cycle hydrologique simulé trop développé. L'extraction d'indices pluviométriques calculés sur des régions homogènes montre que les télécon…
Étude multi-échelles des précipitations et du couvert végétal au Cameroun : Analyses spatiales, tendances temporelles, facteurs climatiques et anthro…
2011
Due to its shape and location (2°N-13°N - 8°E-16°E; proximity of the Atlantic Ocean), Cameroon is characterized by a panel of cross-regional climate encountered widely in tropical Africa. Over the region, the decrease rainfall during the second half of the last century has been shown to be associated with stronger recurrence of drier periods, specifically in the core of the rainy season. These conditions have favored the degradation of vegetation cover, driven by socioeconomic and demographic constraints. The substantial impacts on human activities and local society highlight the need to better understand how climate and environmental dynamics do interact locally. The aim of this study is t…
Prévisibilité des précipitations ouest africaines (échelles intrasaisonnières et saisonnières) au travers des simulations type DEMETER et des observa…
2009
Following the recommendations proposed by the AMMA community three main objectives were set for this research. The first was to analyze the direct outputs of general circulation models of the atmosphere used in the DEMETER project. The second was to propose a new method for predicting seasonal rainfall in the Sahel using the direct outputs of GCMs the best simulated, that is to say, those related to atmospheric dynamics which explains the penetration of the West African monsoon in the continent, and therefore, the total rainfall during the monsoon season of boreal summer. The third goal finally was to analyze and compare probabilistic forecasts from the forum and PRESAO project ENSEMBLES. T…