Search results for "salt"

Speciation of trialkyltin(IV) cations in natural fluids

2004

The hydrolysis of (CH(3))(3)Sn(+), (C(2)H(5))(3)Sn(+) and (C(3)H(7))(3)Sn(+) has been studied in a Synthetic Seawater (SSW) ionic medium simulating the major composition of natural seawater, at different salinities (5 less than or equal to S less than or equal to 45), and at t = 25 degreesC. Interactions with anionic components of SSW, considered as single sea salt, are determined by means of a complex formation model. By potentiometric measurements (ISE-H(+) and ISE-F(-) electrodes), the model has been extended to also consider interactions of organotins with carbonate and fluoride ions, which are other important components of seawater. Literature and new values of hydrolysis constants in …

Thymine content of sea water as a measure of biosynthetic potential

1977

A hydrolysis procedure along with a high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure is given enabling simple and reliable thymine determinations in the nanogram range in different fractions of sea-water samples taken from three different locations in the Northern Adriatic Sea. The levels corresponded to 1–3 μg DNA per liter. From total polyanionic thymine, which had been precipitated as the cetyltrimethylammonium salt, the highest percentage was linked to the particulate fraction, with a definite subsurface minimum at 10 to 15 m. There was a corresponding maximum of a high molecular “non-particulate” thymine-containing fraction at the corresponding depth. From the bottom at 30 m upwards to a…

Heterogeneous salt distribution in hot snacks enhances saltiness without loss of acceptability

2013

clef UT: 000318667000026; International audience; Abstract Health issues have led worldwide organisations to encourage the food industry to reduce salt in processed foods. Therefore, different strategies for salt reduction have been investigated. Here, the effect of heterogeneous salt distribution on saltiness perception intensity was assessed to compensate for salt reduction in snack foods. Two models of hot-served baked foods were developed. One model is made of two layers that vary in composition (cream-based and cereal-based layers) and salt (NaCl) concentration; the other one is made of four cream-based layers that vary in salt concentrations. Consumer panels rated the saltiness intens…

Der Einfluss von Oxytocin auf Diurese und Salzausscheidung bei Ratte und Mensch

1956

Intrinsic Viscosities of Polyelectrolytes: Determination and Modeling of the Effects of Extra Salt

2011

Based on early measurements of J. J. Hermans and co-workers (D. T. F. Pals, J. J. Hermans, Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 1952, 71, 513-520; D. T. F. Pals, J. J. Hermans, J. Polym. Sci. 1950, 5, 733-734; D. T. F. Pals, J. J. Hermans, J. Polym. Sci. 1948, 3, 897-898), the present contribution demonstrates how primary data should be evaluated in order to obtain reliable intrinsic viscosities. This procedure yields detailed information on the changes of the intrinsic viscosities and of the corresponding viscometric interaction parameters caused by an increasing salinity of water. Both quantities decline from a maximum value in the pure solvent to a minimum value, which is approached in the limit o…

2009

Abstract. Understanding the importance of the different oxidation pathways of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to sulfate is crucial for an interpretation of the climate effects of sulfate aerosols. Sulfur isotope analysis of atmospheric aerosol is a well established tool for identifying sources of sulfur in the atmosphere and assessment of anthropogenic influence. The power of this tool is enhanced by a new ion microprobe technique that permits isotope analysis of individual aerosol particles as small as 0.5 μm diameter. With this new single particle technique, different types of primary and secondary sulfates are first identified based on their chemical composition, and then their individual isotopic…

Über katalytische einflüsse bei der polykondensation des p-kresoldialkohols

1952

Wird natriumfreier p-Kresoldialkohol in Silber- oder Platingeraten bei 130°C kondensiert, so ist durch den Geruch kein Formaldehyd wahrnehmbar. p-Kresoldialkohol enthalt oft von seiner Darstellung uber das Natriumsalz her geringe Mengen an Natrium, dessen Anteil im Bereich von 0,0 bis 5,00/00 liegt (0,000 bis 0,037 Mol Natrium je Mol Phenolalkohol). Die bei der Hartung des p-Kresoldialkohols in Platin- oder Silbergeraten beobachteten Gewichtsverluste und die Formaldehydabspaltung sind umso hoher, je groser der Natriumgehalt ist. Natriumfreier p-Kresoldialkohol in Gefasen aus Jenaer Gerateglas 20 und aus gewohnlichem Glas gehartet zeigt in Ubereinstimmung mit der Abgabefahigkeit an Alkali de…

Über die autoxydation ungesättigter verbindungen. IV. Mitt. Die autoxydation des 2.3-dimethylbutadiens (1.3) und des 10.12-octadecadiensäuremethylest…

1955

Die spontane Autoxydation des Dimethylbutadiens, die zu polymeren Peroxyden fuhrt, wird kinetische verfolgt und mit der Autoxydation des konjugierten 10, 12-Octadecadiensauremethylesters verglichen. Beide Reaktionen verlaufen autokatalytisch. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit ist zu Beginn der Wurzel aus dem Autoxydationsgrad (Mol O2/Mol Substrat) proportional. Die gebildeten Peroxyde zerfallen monomolekular in kettenstartende Radikale. Die Brutto-aktivierungsenergieen werden angegeben. Die Einwirkung von Azodiisobuttersaurenitril, Ascaridol, Di-tert.-Butylperoxyd und Cu++ -oktoat auf die Autoxydation des 10,12-Octadecadiensauremethylesters wird untersucht. Es ergibt sich, das auch die Autoxydat…

4-Chloro-1,1-diphenyl-3-(1-pyrrolyl)-2-azabuta-1,3-diene

2002

The title compound, C19H15ClN2, is the sole stable product resulting from nucleophilic attack of the sodium salt of pyrrole on 4,4-di­chloro-1,1-di­phenyl-2-aza­buta-1,3-diene. The mech­an­ism of its formation is briefly discussed.

ChemInform Abstract: 1,7-Octadiene-Assisted Tandem Multicomponent Cross-Enyne Metathesis (CEYM)-Diels-Alder Reactions: A Useful Alternative to Mori′s…

2013

The protocol relies on a relay metathesis process, in which 1,7-octadiene acts as an in situ source of ethylene.