Search results for "sanction"
showing 10 items of 71 documents
The Design and Impacts of Individual Sanctions: Evidence From Elites in Côte d’Ivoire and Zimbabwe
2022
Since the 1990s, sanctions senders like the European Union, the United States, and the United Nations have been imposing visa bans and asset freezes on individuals as a key element of their sanctions packages. Notwithstanding the growing centrality that individual sanctions have acquired in international sanctions practice, little is known about the impact of sanctions listings on designees. Some researchers have scrutinised targeting choices, while others have explored the effects of sanctions on designees. However, no study has yet examined the fit between targeting choices and impacts on designees. First, we interrogate the theory of targeted sanctions to identify the expectations that i…
Starptautiskās sankcijas kā politiskais ES vērtību aizsardzības instruments
2020
Eiropas Savienība ir balstīta uz vērtībām, kas respektē cilvēka cieņu, brīvību, demokrātiju, vienlīdzību, likuma varu un cilvēktiesības, ieskaitot minoritātēm piederošu personu tiesības. Eiropas Savienības mērķis ir veicināt mieru, tās vērtības un savu cilvēku labklājību. Tā kā tā ir pasaules mēroga dalībniece, tā aizsargā un aizsargā savas vērtības un mērķus ne tikai iekšēji Savienībā, bet arī ārpus tās robežām. Globālā līmenī ES aizsargā starptautisko kārtību un novērš starptautisko likumu un cilvēktiesību pārkāpumus.Viens no visspēcīgākajiem ekonomiskās, politiskās un diplomātiskās ietekmes instrumentiem ir sankcijas, kuru mērķis ir mierīgā veidā mainīt valsts attieksmi. Tomēr daudzi zin…
Punishment and efficiency: theoretical and experimental approaches
2018
Los dilemas sociales se caracterizan por la desalineación de incentivos privados y sociales bajo preferencias egoístas. Mientras el óptimo social se alcanza mediante la implementación de un conjunto particular de acciones, los incentivos individuales mueven a los agentes a comportarse de una manera diferente, lo cual lleva a resultados ineficientes. Un ejemplo clásico es la provisión de un bien público, donde el óptimo se alcanza si todos contribuyen, sin embargo hay una desviación unilateral provechosa a hacer de polizón, es decir, a no contribuir al bien público y beneficiarse de los demás. De este modo, dar a los agentes egoístas la posibilidad de elegir libremente sus asignaciones lleva…
La sanction des parricides du droit romain au XIXe siècle
2012
International audience
LE SANZIONI PER LE PERSONE GIURIDICHE NEI SISTEMI DI RESPONSABILITÀ DA REATO: SPUNTI DI CONFRONTO FRA SUD-AMERICA ED EUROPA
2019
The analysis of the sanctions for corporate criminal liability is conducted in a comparative perspective on two-fold level and scope. In the first place, the study consider the sanctions adopted in South-American jurisdictions which have introduced such responsibility, especially in the last twenty years, based on the UN instruments to contrast transnational organised crime and corruption. Then, the study will move to a parallel overview of the sanctions of EU jurisdictions. The analysis highlights analogies and differences both between the national systems from both contexts and between the two groups of jurisdictions. Overall, a process of ‘weak harmonisation’ is traced between the consid…
Ara es l’hora? The Approach of the Catalan Political Scene to Independence Issues
2016
The political situation in Catalonia during the last months is changing almost daily. Catalan nationalist movements consistently continue their efforts to create an independent state. As a result, every vote – an unofficial plebiscite, local elections or elections to the Catalan parliament – is treated like a referendum on the matter of independence. The Catalan actions that are ever more faster and further-reaching meet with a growing opposition of the central government, threatening the Catalan authorities with a number of sanctions in case of taking further, concrete steps to break away from Spain. Although, from the outside, the Catalan independence parties seem to be a monolith, the si…
Local Decisions Under Central Watch: A Nordic Quality Assurance System
2013
Quality assurance or accountability, as we use the term, refers to when an actor, in virtue of contractual obligations, has the right to hold another actor responsible to a set of standards, to judge whether the standards have been met and to impose sanctions if the standards are deemed unfulfilled. In this chapter, we compare how (and if) these rights have been distributed and enacted in educational administration in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. By specifying contractual obligations, we wish to separate accountability from other kinds of asymmetric power relations, such as those between parent and child, and focus on acts of delegation and control.
The art of sanctions: a view from the field
2019
In an ideal world who should carry the can for wrongdoing business?
2018
Purpose This paper aims to analyze the main international rules against economic crime and to verify if Italian legislation provides for appropriate measures according to own needs at a national level. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a comparative approach by examining the existing legislations on a global, European and Italian level for finding analogies and differences between them. Findings The research has discovered a wide variation in the legislative interventions against economic crimes and in the kind of imposed sanctions. Nevertheless, there seems to be a trend toward penalties, with a high degree of uniformity between the different levels of protection. Research lim…
Sanction de l'absence de revendication dans le délai légal. Inopposabilité du droit de propriété à la procédure collective du débiteur
2016
International audience; (Com. 15 décembre 2015, n° 13-25.566, arrêt n° 1070 F-P+B, Sté Cleia c/ Sté Ceric technologies, D. 2016. 69)