Search results for "saturated fat"
showing 10 items of 333 documents
Monohydroxylated fatty acid substrate specificity of human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase and ω-hydroxylase
1988
Various monohydroxylated fatty acids were synthesized from eicosapolyenoic acids, namely arachidonic (20:4 omega-6), timnodonic (20:5 omega-3), dihomogammalinolenic (20:3 omega-6) and mead (20:3 omega-9) acids. 12-Hydroxy derivatives, as well as 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), were produced with platelets as the enzyme source, and 15-hydroxy derivatives were produced by soya bean lipoxygenase treatment. Each monohydroxylated fatty acid was incubated with human leukocytes in the presence or absence of the calcium ionophore A23187, and dihydroxylated products were analysed by h.p.l.c. 12-Hydroxy derivatives of 20:4 omega-6, 20:5 omega-3 and 20:3 omega-9 were similarly oxygenat…
A Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Diet Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Antioxidant Status in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
2001
gamma-Linolenic acid [GLA, 18:3(n-6)], eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)] have been reported to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, they are highly unsaturated and therefore more sensitive to oxidation damage. We investigated the effects of a diet rich in these polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on blood pressure, plasma and lipoprotein lipid concentrations, total antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and platelet function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Five-week-old SHR and WKY rats were fed for 10 wk either a diet containing Isio 4 oil or a diet rich in GLA, EPA and DHA (5.65, 6.39 and…
The influence of age at slaughter and litter size on some quality traits of kid meat
2002
Abstract To study variations in the carcass characteristics of Girgentana kids slaughtered at 25 or 35 days of age and litter size (single or twin), 27 male kids were slaughtered and body components, carcass joints, pelvic limb tissue composition, meat fatty acid composition and M. longissimus dorsi (LD) colour were evaluated. Girgentana kids slaughtered at 35 days had greater live weights (6.4 kg versus 5.0 kg; P ≤0.01), carcass weights (4.5 kg versus 3.6 kg; P ≤0.01), muscle contents (57.6% versus 54.9%; P ≤0.01) but similar dressing percentages (70.1% versus 70.6%) as compared to kids slaughtered at 25 days. Twin kids had a higher muscle percentage (57.3% versus 55.2%; P ≤0.05) and simil…
Probiotics as a Dietary Intervention for Reducing the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
2019
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an increase in triglyceride fat content of liver cells without excessive consumption of alcohol. It is the most predominant liver disease among different age groups including children and adults. Unhealthy foods such as high fructose and high trans-fatty acids in saturated fat seem to be associated with the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Different clusters of gut microbiota, e.g., Firmicutes, could regulate the energy balance and fat storage. Furthermore, different metabolites of gut microbiota, for example, endogenous short chain fatty acids and ethanol, are associated with increased levels of lipogenesis. Additionally, metabolism of end…
Fish and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies
2022
Fish represents one of the most important dietary sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are known to be associated with various health benefits. This study aimed to systematically review existing meta-analyses of observational studies exploring the association between fish intake and various health outcomes. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to retrieve a total of 63 studies. Evidence was deemed as possible for the association between higher fish intake and decreased risk of the acute coronary syndrome, liver cancer, and depression, and limited for other outcomes (including age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, heart failure, all-caus…
Modulation of the hepatic fatty acid pool in peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B-null mice exposed to the selective PPARalpha agonist Wy14,643
2009
10 pages; International audience; The peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B (Thb) gene was previously identified as a direct target gene of PPARalpha, a nuclear hormone receptor activated by hypolipidemic fibrate drugs. To better understand the role of ThB in hepatic lipid metabolism in mice, Sv129 wild-type and Thb null mice were fed or not the selective PPARalpha agonist Wy14,643 (Wy). Here, it is shown that in contrast to some other mouse models deficient for peroxisomal enzymes, the hepatic PPARalpha signaling cascade in Thb null mice was normal under regular conditions. It is of interest that the hypotriglyceridemic action of Wy was reduced in Thb null mice underlining the conclusion t…
Causal Link between n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficiency and Motivation Deficits
2020
International audience; Reward-processing impairment is a common symptomatic dimension of several psychiatric disorders. However, whether the underlying pathological mechanisms are common is unknown. Herein, we asked if the decrease in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) lipid species, consistently described in these pathologies, could underlie reward-processing deficits. We show that reduced n-3 PUFA biostatus in mice leads to selective motivational impairments. Electrophysiological recordings revealed increased collateral inhibition of dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) onto dopamine D1 receptor-expressing MSNs in the nucleus accumbens, a main brain regio…
Should we recommend reductions in saturated fat intake or in red/processed meat consumption? The SUN prospective cohort study
2017
Summary Background & aims While most studies have shown increased mortality associated with excessive red/processed meat consumption, the association of saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake with mortality is less homogeneous. We aimed to prospectively assess the association of both, meat consumption (red, processed, red + processed, and total) and SFA intake, with the risk of all-cause death. Methods We assessed 18,540 participants of the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) cohort, followed-up for a mean of 9.5 years. A validated 136-item FFQ was administered at baseline. We used Cox models adjusted for potential confounders. Results We observed 255 deaths during 176,916 person-years of …
Combining Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake in Humans: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
2018
Dietary and plasma total cysteine (tCys) have been associated with adiposity, possibly through interaction with stearoyl&ndash
Impact of Consuming Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts within a Mediterranean Diet on DNA Methylation in Peripheral White Blood Cells within the PREDIMED…
2017
DNA methylation could be reversible and mouldable by environmental factors, such as dietary exposures. The objective was to analyse whether an intervention with two Mediterranean diets, one rich in extra-virgin olive oil (MedDiet + EVOO) and the other one in nuts (MedDiet + nuts), was influencing the methylation status of peripheral white blood cells (PWBCs) genes. A subset of 36 representative individuals were selected within the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED-Navarra) trial, with three intervention groups in high cardiovascular risk volunteers: MedDiet + EVOO, MedDiet + nuts, and a low-fat control group. Methylation was assessed at baseline and at five-year follow-up. Ingenui…