Search results for "saturation"

Shallow water marine sediment bacterial community shifts along a natural CO2 gradient in the Mediterranean Sea Off vulcano, Italy

2014

The effects of increasing atmospheric CO(2) on ocean ecosystems are a major environmental concern, as rapid shoaling of the carbonate saturation horizon is exposing vast areas of marine sediments to corrosive waters worldwide. Natural CO(2) gradients off Vulcano, Italy, have revealed profound ecosystem changes along rocky shore habitats as carbonate saturation levels decrease, but no investigations have yet been made of the sedimentary habitat. Here, we sampled the upper 2 cm of volcanic sand in three zones, ambient (median pCO(2) 419 µatm, minimum Omega (arag) 3.77), moderately CO(2)-enriched (median pCO(2) 592 µatm, minimum Omega (arag) 2.96), and highly CO(2)-enriched (median pCO(2) 1611…

Anisotropies and Intensity Saturation of Gray-Tracking in KTiOPO/sub 4/

2005

Robust Output-Feedback Based Fault-Tolerant Control of Active Suspension with Finite-Frequency Constraint ★ ★This work is partly supported by Nationa…

2015

Abstract In this paper, the H∞ fault-tolerant control (FTC) problem of active suspensions with finite-frequency constraints is investigated. A full-car model is employed in the controller design such that the heave, pitch and roll motions can be simultaneously controlled. Both the actuator faults and external disturbance are considered in the controller design. As the human body is more sensitive to the vertical vibration in 4-8Hz, robust H∞ control with finite frequency constraints is designed. From the practical perspective, a robust dynamic output-feedback controller with fault tolerant ability is proposed, while other performances such as suspension deflection and actuator saturation ar…

Comparison of computational and experimental saturation vapor pressures of α-pinene + O<sub>3</sub> oxidation products

2021

Abstract. Accurate information on gas-to-particle partitioning is needed to model secondary organic aerosol formation. However, determining reliable saturation vapor pressures of atmospherically relevant multifunctional organic compounds is extremely difficult. We estimated saturation vapor pressures of α-pinene ozonolysis derived secondary organic aerosol constituents using FIGAERO-CIMS experiments and COSMO-RS theory. We found a good agreement between experimental and computational saturation vapor pressures for molecules with molar masses around 190 g mol−1 and higher, most within a factor of 3 comparing the average of the experimental vapor pressures and the COSMO-RS estimate of the iso…

Initial conditions in AA and pA collisions

2016

A full understanding of the spacetime evolution of the QCD matter created in a heavy ion collision requires understanding the properties of the initial stages. In the weak coupling picture these are dominated by classical gluon fields, whose properties can also be studied via the scattering of dilute probes off a high energy hadron or nucleus. A particular challenge is understanding small systems, where LHC data is also showing signs of collective behavior. We discuss some recent results of on the initial matter production and thermalization in heavy ion collisions, in particular in the gluon saturation framework.

The ASY-EOS experiment at GSI: Investigating the symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities

2012

The elliptic-flow ratio of neutrons with respect to protons in reactions of neutron rich heavy-ions systems at intermediate energies has been proposed as an observable sensitive to the strength of the symmetry term in the nuclear Equation Of State (EOS) at supra-saturation densities. The recent results obtained from the existing FOPI/LAND data for $^{197}$Au+$^{197}$Au collisions at 400 MeV/nucleon in comparison with the UrQMD model allowed a first estimate of the symmetry term of the EOS but suffer from a considerable statistical uncertainty. In order to obtain an improved data set for Au+Au collisions and to extend the study to other systems, a new experiment was carried out at the GSI la…

Theory overview of Heavy Ion collisions

2016

This presentation discusses some recently active topics in the theoretical interpretation of high energy heavy ion collisions at the LHC and at RHIC. We argue that the standard paradigm for understanding the spacetime evolution of the bulk of the matter produced in the collision is provided by viscous relativistic hydrodynamics, which can be used to systematically extract properties of the QCD medium from experimental results. The initial conditions of this hydrodynamical evolution are increasingly well understood in terms of gluon saturation, and can be quantified using Classical Yang-Mills fields and QCD effective kinetic theory. Hard and electromagnetic probes of the plasma provide addit…

Multigluon Correlations and Evidence of Saturation from Dijet Measurements at an Electron-Ion Collider.

2020

We study inclusive and diffractive dijet production in electron-proton and electron-nucleus collisions within the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory. We compute dijet cross sections differentially in both mean dijet transverse momentum $\mathbf{P}$ and recoil momentum $\mathbf{\Delta}$, as well as the anisotropy in the relative angle between $\mathbf{P}$ and $\mathbf{\Delta}$. We use the nonlinear Gaussian approximation to compute multiparticle correlators for general small $x$ kinematics, employing running coupling Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution to determine the dipole amplitude at small $x$. Our results cover a much larger kinematic range than accessible in previous computations …

Skin permeation model of phenyl alcohols: comparison of experimental conditions

1998

Abstract This study was conducted primarily to establish the significance of the experimental conditions in the determination of permeability coefficients. In order to do this, standard in vitro skin permeation methods were used to determine the permeability coefficient (kp) of a homologous series of phenyl alcohols, with a wide range of lipophilicity, by two different experimental conditions through rat skin; first, using solutions (at 75% saturation concentration) of the penetrants in the donor compartment and second using saturated solutions added with an excess of the penetrant. The kp values obtained by these techniques were compared. Solubility of the phenyl alcohols in the donor phas…

Usual Care and Informed Consent in Clinical Trials of Oxygen Management in Extremely Premature Infants

2016

Objective The adequacy of informed consent in the Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Pulse Oximetry Randomized Trial (SUPPORT) has been questioned. SUPPORT investigators and publishing editors, heads of government study funding agencies, and many ethicists have argued that informed consent was adequate because the two oxygen saturation target ranges studied fell within a range commonly recommended in guidelines. We sought to determine whether each oxygen target as studied in SUPPORT and four similar randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was consistent with usual care. Design/Participants/Setting PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for English articles back to 1990 providi…